AP World Ch 29- Decolonization

Gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

Pakistan prime minister who helped Pakistan grow but decreased equality of other religions

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Father of Benazir Bhutto who also served as prime minister of Pakistan

Benazir Bhutto

First female prime minister in Pakistan

Idi Amin

Ugandan dictator who killed many and abused human rights; promoted by the U.S.

Pol Pot

Led Khmer Rouge and ruled; caused massive genocide of 1/4th of Camodia's population

Jimmy Carter

US president who mediated the Camp David Accords

Menachem Begin

Prime Minister of Israel who signed the Camp David Accords

Anwar Sadat

President of Egypt who signed the Camp David Accords

Yasser Arafat

Leader of the PLO

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Overthrew the king of Egypt and established a republic; second president; proponent of Pan-Arabism; policies blended Islam and socialism

Honsi Mubarak

Led Egypt as a corrupt and repressive government; overthrown

Shah Reza Khan

Shah of Iran; was invaded by Britain and Russia because flirted with Hitler

Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi

Son of Khan; ruler which the U.S. supported; ran an authoritarian and oppressive regime

Ayatollah Khomeini

Shia cleric who became Supreme Leader after the Iranian Revolution

Abdullah Gul

First Islamic president of Turkey

Kwame Nkrumah

First president of Ghana who took office in the newly established republic; promoted Pan-Africanism; claimed dictatorial power

Charles De Gaulle

French President who helped Algerian independence

Kofi Annan

Algerian who became UN Secretary General

Jomo Kenyatta

President of Kenya who advocated for independence who had served a prison term for supporting the Mau Mau

Daniel Moi

President of Kenya who led to increasing corruption

Muslim League

Political party in India led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah that wanted Pakistan

West Pakistan

West of India

East Pakistan

East of India

Bangladesh

East Pakistan; became an independent country due to major differences with West Pakistan

Kashmir

Border region fought over by Pakistan and India; mostly Muslim people, but Hindu leader

Khmer Rouge

Communist guerilla organization in Cambodia that overthrew the government

Palestinian Liberation Organization/ PLO

Wanted the return of occupied lands and the creation of an independent nation of Palestine

Hamas and Fatah

Factions of Palestinians who fought for control

Arab League

League of 22 member states; Egypt was one of the 6 founding members

Iran

Descendant of the Persian and Safavid empires

Kurdistan Workers' Party/ PKK

Terrorist organization who began armed struggles against the Turks to win cultural and political rights

Gold Coast

British colony that became Ghana

Organization of African Unity/ OAU

Founded by Nkrumah; Pan-Africanism

African Union

Replaced the OAU; 53 nations; shared hopes for closer coorperation, but they disagreed one where or whether the organization should intervene in the affairs of member states

National Liberation Front/ FLN

Used effective guerrilla techniques to take out French forces; led Algeria

Kenya

Country in east Africa; was British colony

Mau Mau

Group that carried out terror campaigns in Kenya against the British

Kenyan African National Union/ KANU

One political party of Kenya

Nigeria

Western African country that was a British colony

Partition

Division of India into India and Pakistan; chaotic and violent; many Muslims and Hindus migrated

Balfour Declaration

Issue by the British government which gave Palestine to Jews

Suez Crisis

Conflict between Egypt and the UN wanting the Suez Canal; Egypt's or national waterway (wins)

Camp David Accords

Peace agreement between Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel and Pesident Anwar Sadat of Egypt

One-Party State

Country with only one political party in charge

Algerian War for Independence

Campaign for independence against France

Fifth Republic

French President Charles De Gaulle helped give Algeria freedom under

Algerian Civil War

Bloody war under the FLN; 1991-2002; military state of emergency

Biafra Civil War

Nigerian Civil War with Igbos wanting to secede

Passive Resistance

Nonviolent protests through civil disobedience; practiced by Gandhi and inspired MLK and Nelson Mandela

Zionist Movement

Movement for a Jewish state

Theodore Herzl

Led the Zionist Movement

Pan-Arabism

Movement promoting the cultural and political unity of Arab nations

Pan-Africanism

Celebration of unity of culture and ideas throughout Africa

Igbos

Westernized, predominately Christian tribe in Algeria who wanted to secede from the government

Mullahs

Men educated in Islamic law who he'd most official posts in Iran

Theocracy

Form of government in which religion is the supreme authority

Kurds

Ethnic minority living in Eastern Turkey and parts of Syria, Iraq, and Iran; PKK began an armed struggle against Turks

Modernization/ Dependency Theory

Former colonies were victims of the international marketplace and are therefore reliant on their past mother countries

Metropoles

Large cities in the home country

Niger River Delta

Oil-rich southeastern land that the Igbos had in Nigeria

Nationalized

State enterprises

International Monetary Fund/ IMF

Threatened to withdraw loans from Kenya if the corruption continued

Corporatist

Ruling party claimed favors

PEMEX

Oil company nationalized by the Mexican government

NAFTA

Encouraged free trade between Mexico, the U.S., and Canada by putting maquiladoras in Mexico

Maquiladoras

Factories

Drug Cartels

Large criminal organizations engaged in drug trafficking

Institutional Revolutionary Party/ PRI

Strong political party in Mexico

Globalization

Force of world unity