Respiratory- EXAM 1: Circulatory Disturbances of the Lungs LEC8

Diffuse circulatory disturbances in the lungs can cause hypoxia and _____ acidosis.

lactic

Heart failure causes ________ passive congestion of the lungs.

chronic

PAMs containing ______ are known as heart failure cells that accumulate in alveolar spaces and interstitium.

hemosiderin

Pulmonary edema is characterized by _______ material in alveolar spaces on histology.

eosinophillic

Pulmonary edema __________ surfactant production.

inhibits

Which 3 of the following cause hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

-increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

-lymphatic obstruction

-decreased plasma oncotic pressure

________ capillary permeability causes permeability pulmonary edema.

Increased

In hemodynamic pulmonary edema, fluid leaking into alveolar space is relatively _____ protein.

low

Which of the following describes the fluid content in permeability pulmonary edema?

high protein

Damage to _______ pneumocytes or endothelial cells can cause permeability pulmonary edema.

type I

Septicemia _______ cause pulmonary hemorrhage.

can

_______ describes a detached solid, liquid, or gaseous mass carried in the blood from its site of origin.

Embolus or thromboembolism

_______ describes a blood clot embolus.

Thromboembolism

Hepatic abscesses, endocarditis, and omphalophlebitis can cause ______ emboli.

septic

True or False- Catheterization can cause thromboemboli to form.

True

If bronchi are injured, which proliferative cells can cause re-epithelization if basement membrane is intact?

clara/club cells

Clara/club cells produce CC10, which inhibits which enzyme?

phospholipase A2

_______ bronchial injury may lead to goblet cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia.

Chronic

________ refers to permanent dilation of a bronchus.

Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is a sequela of a ______ bronchitis.

chronic

True or False- In bronchiectasis, exudate accumulates in bronchi.

True

True or False- Bronchiolar epithelium is resistant to damage by viruses, bacteria, toxins, etc.

False (extremely sensitive)

Which 3 of the following are reasons for increased sensitivity to injury of bronchiolar epithelium?

-Impact site for inhaled agents (increased exposure)

-Metabolic activity of clara cells (CYP450)

-Accumulation of PAMs and leukocytes

Severe injury to bronchioles may result in which condition?

bronchiolitis obliterans

Goblet cells ________ normally present in bronchioles.

are not

True or False- Chronic injury to bronchioles may result in goblet cell metaplasia, impairing mucociliary clearance.

True

Chronic injury to bronchioles may result in which 3 of the following?

-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

-emphysema

-atelectasis

Which cells are responsible for causing bronchiolitis obliterans in an attempt to remove exudate/fibrin?

fibroblasts

True or False- Nodules of granulation tissue may result from bronchiolitis obliterans.

True

Recurrent airway obstruction (heaves, COPD) is caused by a _______ airway hyper-responsiveness to allergens.

small

COPD in horses is caused by which 2 types of hypersensitivity to inhaled allergens?

Type I & III

In COPD, chronic bronchiolitis with _______ emphysema is commonly seen.

alveolar

Goblet cell _________, and smooth muscle hyperplasia is seen with COPD in horses.

metaplasia

True or False- In COPD in horses, bronchioles are usually plugged with mucus.

True