AP US History FALL FINAL VOCAB

10% Plan (Lincoln)

Confederate states would be readmitted if 10% of the population took a loyalty oath and the state ratified the 13th Amendment

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners

14th admendment (1868)

granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former enslaved people—and guaranteed all citizens "equal protection of the laws."

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

54"40' or Fight!

slogan of those wanting to take all of Oregon; numbers (54 40') was line of latitude where people wanted Oregon border; did not want compromise of 49th parallel, as was done by President Polk.

Annexation of Texas

Texas decides to secede from Mexico and attempts to declare its independence which eventually leads to our adoption of the land as a state although it was feared that it would cause conflict with mexico leading to war. Southern states in support of this as Texas brought slaves with it meaning it would increase agricultural profits

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Bleeding Kansas

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

California added to the Union

Added to the union in 1850 after agreement with Mexico.

Colorado

Joined the union in 1876 making it the 38th state and added on the nations 100th anniversary. Nicknamed the "centennial state"

Compromise of 1850

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

Copperheads

A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War

Crittenden Amendments

Proposed in an attempt to appease the South, the failed Constitutional amendments would have given federal protection for slavery in all territories south of 36°30' where slavery was supported by popular sovereignty.

Denmark Vesey

A mulatto who inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started.

Diplomatic Ineptness

Dred Scott

A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so he had no rights.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

Exparte Milligan

Civilians cant be tried in Military court if civilian court is available

Factory System

system bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency

Free Soil Party

Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory.

Freedman's Bureau, 1865

Acted as a welfare agency to help the poor and war veterans. Largest accomplishment was in education. Helped establish about 3000 schools for freed blacks

Freeport Doctrine

Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. It was unpopular with Southerners, and thus cost him the election.

Fugitive Slave Law

Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad.

Gadsen Purchase (year)

Land purchased from Mexico by the United States in 1853 located in present day southern Arizona and New Mexico

Habeas Corpus

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.

John Brown

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory

Kansas-Nebraska Act

a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

During the race to become Senator Lincoln asked to have multiple debates with Douglas; certain topics of these debates were slavery, how to deal with slavery, and where slavery should be allowed; although Lincoln lost the election to Douglas, he was known throughout the country because of the debates; Douglas said ppl could exclude slavery by not enforcing & protecting slave-owner property--> ppl would not support Douglas for president

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

New Mexico Territory

the huge region owned by Mexico in the early 1800s that later became the southwest United States

North in Civil War

North had a huge economy, many more men available to fight, and it controlled the sea, though its officers weren't as well-trained as some in the South

Panic of 1873 (1873-1879)

A severe international economic depression triggered by overproduction of railroads, mines, factories and farm products.

Historical Significance:

Led to the Railroad Strike of 1877.

Popular Sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

Reconstruction Acts

Republican (1860)

Santa Ana abdicated

Scalawags

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

Slidell

Slidell was told to offer 30 million for California and New Mexico and to declare the border at Rio Grande. Mexico told him to go home.

Sojourner Truth

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)

The South

Tariff

A tax on imported goods

Taylor elected president

1848

Tenure of Office Act

1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet

Texas

Texas War for Independence

the 1836 rebellion of Texans against Mexican rule that resulted in Texas becoming an independent nation

Treaty of Guadelupe Hildago

This treaty required Mexico to cede the American Southwest, including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and California, to the U.S. The U.S. gave Mexico $15 million in exchange, so that it would not look like conquest.

Uncles Tom's Cabin

1850 harriet Beecher Stowe, Influential in pushing abolitionist message. Slavery was evil

US troops on border

Wade-Davis Bill

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

1842 between the US and the Brits, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, talked about slavery and excredition

William Lloyd Garrison

1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Wilmot Proviso

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

Tripolitan War

A series of naval engagements launched by President Jefferson to stop attacks on American merchant ships by Barbary pirates (1801-1805).

Treart of Sam Ildefonso

Spain returned the Louisiana territory to France.

Louisiana purchase

The U.S. acquired land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains for $15 million, facilitating expansion and control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

He led a slave rebellion in Haiti, influencing Napoleon to sell Louisiana to the U.S. due to the difficulties of maintaining New World colonies.

Federalist opposition to the Louisiana Purchase

Federalists argued that Jefferson overstepped his constitutional powers by making the purchase.

Hamilton duels burr

Burr blamed Hamilton for his loss in the New York gubernatorial race and challenged him to a duel, resulting in Hamilton's death on July 11, 1804.

Burr expedition, treason trial

After the duel, Burr attempted to lead a group towards Mexico, which the U.S. believed was for secession. He was acquitted of treason.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase, producing extensive maps and scientific discoveries.

Pike, Major Long, their observations

He explored Minnesota and the Southwest, mapping the region and spying on Spanish territories.

Berlin Decree (1806), Milan Decree (1807)

Napoleon's decrees that restricted shipping and contributed to the War of 1812 by closing European ports to ships that had docked in Britain.

Orders and council

British laws passed in 1807 that permitted the impressment of sailors and restricted neutral ships from visiting certain ports.

Impressment

The British boarded American vessels to retrieve deserters, often seizing sailors who could not prove their citizenship, leading to heightened tensions.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

In 1807, the British ship Leopard fired on the American ship Chesapeake after it refused to allow a search for deserters, resulting in U.S. expulsion of British ships.

Embargo of 1807

An act forbidding American trading ships from leaving the U.S. to pressure Britain and France to change their policies, which ultimately hurt the U.S. economy.

Non-intercourse act

It replaced the Embargo Act, allowing trade with all nations except Britain and France, but failed to change their policies.

Erskine agreement

A proposal in 1809 where the U.S. would cease trade with France and resume with Britain if Britain stopped impressing American sailors, which was not accepted.

Macon's Bill No. 2

An 1810 act that forbade trade with Britain and France but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its restrictions first, leading to resumed trade with France.

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who sought to unite Northwestern Indian tribes against American expansion, ultimately killed in the War of 1812.

War Hawks

Western settlers in Congress, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who advocated for war with Britain to acquire territory and counter British support for Native American attacks.

Causes of the War of 1812

British impressment of sailors, seizure of American trading ships, and British support for Native American attacks on the frontier.

Why war against Britain rather in France?

Britain practiced impressment and was believed to be supplying weapons to Native Americans, while France had lifted its trading restrictions.

Federalist opposition to the war of 1812

The Federalist party, composed mainly of New England merchants, opposed the war due to its impact on trade and called for the Hartford Convention.

Navel engagements in the war of 1812

The U.S. navy won some important battles but failed to break the British blockade.

Fort McHenry Frances Scott key Star-Spangled Banner

Francis Scott Key wrote it after witnessing Fort McHenry withstand a British attack.

Oliver Perry and the Battle of Lake Erie

He led a victory against the British on Lake Erie.

What happened to Washington D.C. during the War of 1812?

It was captured and burned by the British in 1814.

What was the significance of the Battle of New Orleans?

It was a great U.S. victory in January 1815, occurring after the Treaty of Ghent was signed.

Who led the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans?

Andrew Jackson led the American troops.

What was the Essex Junto?

A group of extreme Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 and advocated for New England's secession.

Hartford Convention

New England merchants proposed amendments to the Constitution and discussed secession due to opposition to the War of 1812.

Treating negotiator

John Quincy Adams, Albert Gallatin, and Henry Clay.

Treaty of Ghent provisions

It ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo, returning captured territories.

Neutral rights issues, and with the defeat of Napoleon

It ended the war between Britain and France, thus ending restrictions on neutral trading.

What impact did the War of 1812 have on American nationalism?

It increased nationalism and economic independence as the U.S. developed its own manufacturing.

Second to bank of the US

Established in 1816, it had more authority than the First Bank and financed the American industrial revolution.

Tear up of 1816

It was a protective tariff aimed at helping American industry by raising prices of British goods.

Bonus Bill veto

Madison vetoed a bill to use bonus money from the Second National Bank for internal improvements.

Rush-Bagot Treaty

It provided for mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes between the U.S. and Great Britain.

Convention of 1818

It set the U.S.-Canada border at the 49th parallel and affirmed U.S. fishing rights.

Panic of 1819

It was a natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and reduced demand for goods.

West Florida 1810

The U.S. aimed to control the region due to its proximity to the Mississippi River.

Transcontinental treaty

The Adams-Onis Treaty resulted in Spain selling Florida to the U.S.

Quadruple Alliance

An alliance formed in 1815 by Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia to preserve peace in Europe.