Protists and Fungi Lecture Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from protists and fungi, including characteristics, medical importance, life cycles, and phyla distinctions.

Diplomonads are characterized by having two __ and four pairs of flagella.

haploid nuclei

The protist Giardia, medically important for causing intestinal issues, belongs to the group _.

Diplomonads

Trichomonas vaginalis, a medically important protist, is a characteristic example of __.

Parabasala

Euglenozoa are known for the presence of a spiral crystalline rod in their __.

flagella

Trypanosoma, which causes African sleeping sickness, is a parasitic protist belonging to the __ group.

Kinetoplastids

African sleeping sickness is transmitted by the __ fly.

Tsetse

Euglenids are protists that can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic, making them __.

mixotrophic

Diatoms are unicellular photoautotrophic protists with overlapping walls made of __.

silica

__ earth, formed from diatom remains, is used in products like toothpaste.

Diatomaceous

Brown algae obtain their characteristic color from the pigment __.

fucoxanthin

The reproduction of brown algae involves an alternation between a diploid sporophyte and a __ gametophyte.

haploid

Dinoflagellates are protists whose "armor" is formed by __ plates.

cellulose

Bioluminescence and red tides are phenomena often associated with the protist group __.

Dinoflagellates

Coral reefs depend on symbiotic __ for nutrients.

dinoflagellates

All Apicomplexans are __.

parasitic

Ciliates, such as Paramecium, use __ for movement and feeding.

cilia

Ciliates possess __ vacuoles to regulate water balance.

contractile

Radiolarians are marine protists characterized by their intricate __ mineral skeletons, also known as tests.

silica

Forams have porous, multichambered tests made of __.

CaCO3

Forams use __ for movement and eating, which are thin extensions.

pseudopodia

Cercozoans are heterotrophic protists that use __ to capture prey.

pseudopodia

The red color in Red Algae is due to the pigment __.

phycoerythrin

Red algae are widely consumed in Asian cultures, notably as a component of __.

sushi

Green algae contain __, which gives them their characteristic color.

chlorophyll

Amoebas move and feed using temporary cytoplasmic extensions called __.

pseudopodia

Slime molds exhibit two main life stages: an amoeboid haploid 'n' stage and a plasmodial __ '2n' stage.

diploid

The long, threadlike filaments that make up the main body structure of fungi are called __.

hyphae

Hyphae that are divided by cross walls with pores are known as __ hyphae.

septate

__ hyphae lack septa and have a continuous cytoplasm with multiple nuclei.

Coenocytic

The main body of a fungus, typically underground and responsible for nutrient absorption, is a network of hyphae called the __.

mycelium

Fungi are typically __ (n) in their somatic (mycelial) stage.

haploid

The reproductive structures of fungi that produce spores and often rise above the surface are called __.

fruiting bodies

Specialized hyphae that penetrate host tissues to absorb nutrients in parasitic fungi are called __.

haustoria

Root-like hyphae that anchor fungi to a surface are known as __.

rhizoids

In fungal sexual reproduction, the fusion of cytoplasm from two compatible hyphae is called __.

plasmogamy

The fusion of haploid nuclei in fungal sexual reproduction, forming a diploid zygote, is known as __.

karyogamy

After karyogamy, the diploid nucleus undergoes __ to produce haploid sexual spores.

meiosis

Fungal asexual reproduction involves haploid mycelium producing asexual spores via __.

mitosis

Chytrids are unique among fungi for producing flagellated __ for asexual reproduction.

zoospores

Zygomycetes, like black bread mold (Rhizopus), have __ hyphae, meaning they lack septa.

coenocytic

In Zygomycetes, sexual reproduction involves the formation of a resistant __ during plasmogamy.

zygosporangium

The defining feature of Glomeromycota is their formation of __ with plant roots, where the fungi supply minerals and plants supply sugars.

arbuscular mycorrhizae

Ascomycota are commonly known as __ fungi because they produce sexual spores in a sac-like structure.

sac

The sac-like structure in Ascomycota that produces sexual spores is called an __.

ascus

In Ascomycota, asexual spores called __ are produced on conidiophores.

conidia

The antibiotic __ is famously produced by a fungus belonging to the Ascomycota phylum.

Penicillium

Basidiomycota are often called __ fungi because they produce sexual spores on club-shaped structures.

club

The fruiting body of a Basidiomycete is commonly recognized as a __.

mushroom

Basidiomycetes are important decomposers, especially of __ in wood.

lignin

Fungi classified as __ fungi or Deuteromycota lack a known sexual stage.

imperfect

Athlete's foot and ringworm are common diseases caused by fungi in the group __.

Deuteromycota

Bacteria arranged in clusters are described as __.

staphylococci

Bacteria arranged in chains are described as __.

streptococci

Rod-shaped bacteria are called __.

bacilli

Spherical bacteria are called __.

cocci

Forams have tests made of __, while Radiolarians have tests made of silica.

calcium carbonate

Trypanosoma, which causes African sleeping sickness, is transmitted by the __ fly.

Tsetse

Diatoms are important in freshwater and marine environments and are used in products like __.

toothpaste

Paramecium maintains water balance using __ vacuoles.

contractile

The slender structure of Peziza mentioned in the notes is the __.

ascocarp

In Peziza, the red spherical structures produced sexually are called __.

ascospores

Ascospores in Peziza are produced through the process of __.

meiosis

The ploidy of ascospores is __.

n

The structure where sexual spores are produced in Basidiomycota, mentioned as club-shaped, is the __.

basidia

The ploidy of basidia in the Basidiomycota diagram is __.

n+n

The spores produced on basidia are called __.

basidiospores

The ploidy of basidiospores is __.

n

Euglenids are commonly found in __ water environments.

fresh

Euglenids primarily use a __ for locomotion.

flagellum