PHA 6114C Tablets Formulation, Excipients, and Manufacturing (Lecture 18)

Tablets

solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances with or without suitable diluents

Cheap, Large-Scale Production, Best Overall Properties

advantages of tablets as a dosage form

5 Minutes

a tablet should disintegrate within _________

200mg

how much should a tablet weigh?

Lactose, Sucrose, Starch, and Mannitol

common diluents added to tablets to increase their bulk

Binders

adhesive materials used to hold powders together: water, alcohol, 15% starch paste, 70% sucrose syrup, and 15% gelatin mixtures

Disintegrants

added to aid in breaking up the tablet: starch, cellulose derivatives

Lubricants

used to improve powder flow, decrease adhesion, decrease friction (facilitates tablet ejection during manufacturing), and reduce manufacturing equipment wear

Glidants

used to improve flow properties of powders such as colloidal silicon dioxide and talc

True

T/F: coloring and flavoring agents added to tablets

Sugar-Coated Tablets

have thin layer of sugar coating to mask bad taste and protect active ingredients from chemical oxidation

Film-Coated Tablets

thin layer of water soluble material that dissolves rapidly in stomach; purpose of layer is to cover any unpleasant taste or smell

Gelatin-Coated Tablets

compressed tablet that is coated with a thin layer of gelatin (facilitates swallowing)

Enteric-Coated Tablets

designed to dissolve in the alkaline environment of the small intestine (higher pH range); delayed release

Buccal/Sublingual Tablets

designed to be dissolved in the buccal pouch or under the tongue; drug absorption may occur through oral mucosa and protects from gastric juices

Chewable Tablets

designed to be easily chewed and then swallowed for children and should not be swallowed whole

Effervescent Tablets

designed to be placed in water where an evolution of bubbles will occur as a result of a chemical reaction

Molded Tablets

soft chewable tablets; powder mixed with sugars and flavoring and are not compressed

Tablet Triturates

small, cylindrical tablets containing small amounts of potent drugs

Hypodermic Tablets

used by physician to create parenteral products, but no longer used

Dispensing Tablets

tablets contained large amounts of highly potent drug substances

False

T/F: dispensing tablets are for dispensing

Immediate-Release Tablets

are designed to disintegrate and release their medication with no special rate-controlling features, such as special coatings and other techniques

Lyophilized Foam

mixture poured into a mold and lyophilized with the tablet integrated in the package

Controlled Release Tablets

another name for extended release tablets

2 Tablets

how many tablets can vary from the mean % for weight variation?

Micrometer

used to measure thickness of individual tablets

Tablet Hardness

the force necessary to break the tablet diametrically

4-10kg

oral tablets have a hardness of ________

3kg

hypodermic and chewable tablets have a hardness of _________

10-20kg

sustained release tablets have a hardness of ____________

Friability Test

determines how well tablets will hold up handling/shipping

1%

what is the maximum weight loss that a tablet can have and be acceptable?

30 Minutes

how long should uncoated tablets take to disintegrate?

2 Hours

how long should coated tablets take to disintegrate?

3 Minutes

how long should sublingual tablets take to disintegrate?

Mix, Granulate, Lubricate, and Compress

the four steps of manufacturing tablets

30-50%

sugar coating has a _________ weight increase and takes around 8 hours

Dies

what defines the size/shape of the tablet?

Capping

the partial or complete separation of the top or bottom crowns of a tablet from the main body of the tablet

Lamination

the separation of a tablet into two or more distinct layers

Sticking

tablet material adhering to the die wall is termed ________

Picking

surface material from a tablet sticking to and being removed from the tablet's surface by a punch

Mottling

an unequal distribution of color on a tablet, with light and dark areas standing out in an otherwise uniform surface

Lozenges (Troches)

designed to be slowly dissolved in the oral cavity and prepared by compression or molding

Lollipops

sugar-based lozenges on a stick such as Actiq (fentanyl)

Pellets/Implants

small, sterile rod or ovoid-shaped tablets often implanted

Pastille

a soft variety of a lozenge consisting of a medicament in a gelatin base

Pills

small, round or egg-shaped solid bodies for internal use between 60-300mg in weight