AP Bio Unit 2 Test

What is considered the control center of the cell?

Nucleus

Which organelle is responsible for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?

Peroxisomes

Which organelle is directly responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Ribosomes

Why is turgor pressure important to a plant cell?

Turgor pressure helps keep the cell rigid and keeps its shape.

What polysaccharide makes up the main component of plant cell walls?

Cellulose

Which microscope focuses a beam of e- onto the surface of a specimen giving a 3D structure?

SEM- Scanning Electron Microscope

Name two organelles found in ANIMAL cells but NOT found in PLANT cells.

Any of the 2 following: centrioles, lysosomes, flagella and cilia

What often is the outside covering of prokaryotic cells?

Capsule- Glycocalyx

What are plasmodesmata and what function do they serve?

Channel between cell walls- connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells. They allow substances to be transported between plant cells and enable cell-to-cell communication.

What is the dense region found within the nucleus of the cell? What is its function?

Nucleolus- makes ribosomes, can have more than onef

What is the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 H2O —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

Keeps the structure of the nucleus

What are two structural differences between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

1. RER has ribosomes and SER does not.

2. RER is made up of membranes sacs while SER is made of membranes tubes

What structure is found in many fresh water protists and pumps H2O out of the cell?

Contractile Vacuole

What is a function of lysosomes?

A) the recycling of dead/damaged organelles

B) the formation and storage of starch

C) the synthesis of proteins

D) provide a scaffold to secure and move organelles within the cell

E) the breakdown of lipids

A) the recycling of dead/damaged organelles

When the cell membrane creates a pocket that engulfs the extracellular contents and pinches off to form a vesicle, this process is called ______.

Endocytosis

What are two similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Any of the following two:

1. They both self replicate

2. They both have their own single circular DNA

3. They both have their own ribosomes

A certain pigment molecule is essential for photosynthesis. What is this molecule called?

chlorophyll

What organelle makes lysosomes?

Golgi Apparatus

What is considered the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondrion

In the nucleus, the DNA is wrapped around proteins. What is the combination of DNA and proteins called?

Chromatin

How is the cell/plasma membrane structurally different from the nuclear membrane?

Cell membrane is 1 layer while the nuclear membrane is 2 layers.

The nuclear membrane has pores.

This organelle looks like a stack of membrane “pancakes.” What is the organelle?

Golgi Body/Apparatus

Name the three structural components of the cytoskeleton

1. Microtubules

2. Microfilaments

3. Intermediate filaments

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesize?

Lipids

Why don’t animal cells contain amyloplasts?

Amyloplasts function to store plant starch in plant cells. Animal cells do not store starch…

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A) the recycling of dead/damaged organelles

B) the formation and storage of starch

C) the synthesis of proteins

D) provides a scaffold to secure and move organelles within the cell

E) the breakdown of lipids

D) provides a scaffold to secure and move organelles within the cell

The ______ is the term used for the contents inside of the nuclear membrane.

nucleoplasm

What organelle can cause a cell to undergo apoptosis?

lysosome

What is endosymbiotic theory?

This theory proposes that organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts have prokaryotic origins and arose when ancestral prokaryotes were engulfed into other cells and began to live symbiotically within them.

What is the name of the membrane surrounding the central vacuole in a plant cell?

Tononplast

What are the two functions of the plant cell wall?

The cell wall provides structure, physical protection for the cell and it prevents it from over expanding when the cell takes in water.

What is the function of amyloplasts?

A) the recycling of dead/damaged organelles

B) the formation and storage of starch

C) the synthesis of proteins

D) provides a scaffold to secure and move organelles within the cell

E) the breakdown of lipids

B) the formation and storage of starch

Where is the cellular machinery of the cell located?

In the cytoplasm

What is turgor pressure?

The water pressure exerted from within a plant cell. The water within the plant pushes against the cell walls of the plant causing them to become turgid (rigid).

What function do the nuclear pores have?

These pores allow the RNA and ribosomes to exit the nucleus and cytoplasmic molecules to enter the nucleus.

What is the liquid component of the cytoplasm called?

cytosol

What occurs within the nucleolus?

The synthesis and assembly of ribosomes.