Introduction to Synthetic Textiles

Flashcards covering key terminology and concepts related to synthetic textiles.

Synthetic Fibres

Man-made fibres produced through chemical processes, primarily from petrochemical sources.

Polymerisation

The chemical process where small molecules (monomers) chemically link together to form long molecular chains (polymers).

Polyester

The most widely used synthetic fibre globally known for high strength, wrinkle resistance, and quick drying.

Nylon (Polyamide)

The first commercially successful synthetic fibre known for its very high strength and abrasion resistance.

Acrylic

A synthetic fibre developed as a substitute for wool, known for being lightweight and warm.

Elastane (Spandex/Lycra)

A synthetic fibre with exceptional stretch and recovery, commonly used in activewear and underwear.

Melt Spinning

A method of fibre spinning where polymer is melted and extruded through spinnerets.

Dry Spinning

A method of fibre spinning where polymer is dissolved in a solvent and the solvent evaporates.

Wet Spinning

A method of fibre spinning where the polymer solution is extruded into a chemical bath.

Monofilament Yarns

Yarns made from a single filament, used in applications like fishing lines.

Multifilament Yarns

Yarns made from many fine filaments twisted together, known for smooth surfaces and high lustre.

Blended Yarns

Yarns created by combining synthetic fibres with natural fibres to utilize the benefits of both.

Textured Yarns

Synthetic yarns that are textured to improve bulk, elasticity, and comfort.

Nonwoven Synthetic Fabrics

Textile materials made from synthetic fibres bonded into flat sheets without traditional weaving or knitting.

High-Tenacity (HT) Yarns

Exceptionally strong synthetic yarns used in technical textiles for demanding applications.

Staple Fibre Yarns

Yarns created from synthetic filaments that may be cut into short lengths and spun like natural fibres.

Synthetic Fabrics

Fabrics created from synthetic yarns through weaving, knitting, or nonwoven processes.

Dimensional Stability

The property of synthetic fabrics that allows them to maintain their size and shape under various conditions.