Anatomy final review: Bovine/Goat, Rabbit, Chicken, Pig, Reptile, etc.

Gas

Hypomotility

What is the primary cause of a displaced abomasum in ruminants?

Omasum

Which compartment of the ruminant stomach is letter D?

Caudodorsal sac

Which part of the rumen is known for housing fermentation processes?

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Which of the following muscles does not insert at the lateral epicondyle?

Acetate

What is the primary volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen?

Median suspensory ligament

Which structure suspends the udder in cattle?

Gastrocnemius

SDF

Soleus

Gluteobiceps

Which muscles contribute to the formation of the calcaneal tendon?

1 and 2

Which compartments of the ruminant stomach have saccules?

Reticulum

Which ruminant stomach has a honeycomb appearance?

Frothy bloat

What is the name of the bloat disorder associated with foam production?

30%

What percent of the globe is taken up by the cornea in rabbits?

6-9 months

At what age does the pubic symphysis fuse in guinea pigs?

Adrenal gland

Which organ drains directly into the caudal vena cava?

Left atrioventricular valve

Which heart valve is bicuspid?

Celiac artery

Which artery supplies the rumen?

Perissodactylid

Which group does the horse belong to based on limb structure?

Triceps brachii long head

Which muscle originates from the caudal scapula?

Subsinuosal sulcus

Which sulcus is located on the atrial side of the heart near the coronary sinus?

Caudal portion of cranial lobe

What is 4' and 7' referring to?

Abomasum

What stomach compartment is labeled #3 in this left side view of the ruminant stomach?

Tympanic bulla

What bony structure is found at the back of the skull in chinchillas?

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Which two muscles should be avoided when giving an IM injection in the hindlimb?

Right kidney

Which organ leaves an impression on the liver in ruminants?

Cervix

Which part of the uterus is shown in the image?

Rumen → Reticulum → Abomasum → Spiral colon

What is the correct route of ingesta in a ruminant?

Extensor processes of distal digits 3 and 4

Where does the common digital extensor tendon insert?

Essential amino acids

What is the most important nutrient produced by microbial fermentation?

Long digital extensor

Which muscle inserts on the distal phalanges and originates near the femur?

Secondary contractions

What type of rumen contractions are responsible for gas expulsion?

Mixing contents, Buffer VFAs to maintain pH

What are the main functions of rumen fermentation?

Caudal superficial epigastric vein

Which vein drains the mammary gland?

Urethral process

Which penile structure is labeled 2 in the image?

Transverse processes

What structure protects the jugular vein in llamas?

3 compartments

How many compartments does the camelid stomach have?

tracheal bronchus

What is being shown in this image?

intercornual ligament

What is #7 on the image?

401

what tooth is shown?

Corpus cavernosum

What is 1' in the following image?

bovine

The following kidney belongs to which species?

teat cistern

What part of the mammary gland is indicated in the image?

rabbit appendix

What structure is being shown in the following image of the rabbit GI tract?

hoof stock animals that bear weight on an EVEN number of toes

ex. pig, goat

What does artiodactylid mean?

hoof stock animals that bear weight on an OLD number of toes

ex. horse

What does Perissodactylid mean?

mesouterus (wrong terminology but how it was on the exam)

What structure is labeled in the female rabbit reproductive image?

Retractor penile muscle

What muscle retracts the penis and is shown in the image?

Arytenoid cartilage and epiglottic cartilage

When placing an endotracheal tube, which structures should be visible dorsolaterally and ventrally to the tube?

Digestion

Which of the following is not a function of feathers?

Eating too fast

Too much grass and fiber

What can contribute to an impacted crop in birds?

Rapid clearance by renal tubules

What is a potential result of caudal injections in reptiles?

Reptiles and amphibians

Which animal classes typically have three-chambered hearts?

Prevents stalling

What is the function of the alula in birds?

Os penis

Which structure is absent in male birds?

Unidirectional airflow through parabronchi

What is a key feature of avian ventilation involving the parabronchi?

Non-compliant lung

Which respiratory feature is present in birds but not in other endotherms?

Urine moves to cecum and colon

What is a result of antiperistalsis in birds?

Pes digital

Which blood draw site is considered inhumane in birds?

Cervical vertebrae

Which vertebrae remain unfused in birds to support head movement during flight and swimming?

Cranial air sacs

Which avian air sacs reflect end-tidal PO₂ and PCO₂ values most accurately?

Chelodian

Which reptilian order has the pectoral girdle within the rib cage?

Ventral neck, right side

Where should venipuncture be performed to collect large volumes of blood from pigs?

Tubular-acting nephrotoxins

Which types of drugs are most affected by the renal portal system in reptiles?

Fundic diverticulum

Pharyngeal diverticulum

Preputial diverticulum

Carpal scent glands

Which structure is unique to pigs?

Digits 2 and 5 bear weight

Digits 2-5 are complete

Ulna bears weight

Which statements are true about the porcine distal limb/manus?

Ostrich

Which of the following animals has a urinary bladder?

Gizzard

Which part of the avian GI tract performs mastication-like grinding?

Supracoracoideus

Which muscle is responsible for the upstroke in avian flight?

Vomer

Which bovine skull bone is not bilaterally symmetrical?

Cranial 25-30% of body length

Where is the heart located in snakes?

Uterine artery

Which artery is used to detect pregnancy in pigs?

Jugular vein

Which turtle phlebotomy site has the lowest risk of lymph contamination?

Ventral oblique m.

Which muscle is responsible for rotating the eye as shown in the image?

Frontal sinus

Which anatomical feature must be considered during pig euthanasia?

Descending aorta on the right side

Which feature is found in the avian heart but not in mammals?

Female must be able to separate tuber ischii to support boar mounting

What physical consideration must be made for breeding pigs?

Ventral meatus → nasal cavity → nasopharynx → laryngopharynx

What is the proper route for placing a nasogastric tube in animals?

iridic granules

Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.

Cornual diverticulum

What is the name of the space indicated by the arrow in the following image of the bovine skull?

be able to identify cottonmouth, copperhead, and rattle snake images

Which snake lacks venom?

not diffusion limited

The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood leaving theparabronchus can be higher than that in the gas leaving theparabronchus (overlap of the arrows)

Describe the parabronchus?