Anatomy and physiology 1st semester mid-term

Axillary

Armpit

Tarsals

Ankles

Patellar

Kneecap

Medial

Midline (middle of body)

Inferior

Below

Carpal

Wrist

Posterior

In the back of the body

Lateral

Away from midline in the sides

Distal

Farthest away from origin point

Abdominal

Abdomen belly area

Buccal

Cheek (inner)

Digitals

Fingers and toes

Femoral

Thigh area

Deep

Internal; away from surface of body

Inguinal

Groin

Orbital

Sockets housing eyeballs

Differentiate anatomy & physiology

Anatomy studies the structure of the bones, and physiology concerns the function of the body

What is the Languno

The hairy cloak covering a baby shed until 7th month

Levels of Structural organization From simplest to most Complex:

Chemical level, Cell level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level

What is the structural and functional unit of life?

The cell

Describe the anatomical position

The body is erect with the feet slightly parted. The palms are faced forward and the thumbs point away from the body

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Drains excess fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns to blood

What is the function of yellow marrow?

It stores fat

What is the function of red marrow?

It creates blood cells

What is the function of the urinary system

It rids metabolic waste from body

Herpes simplex virus is cause of

Cold sores

Tinea pedis is known as

Athletes foot

Inflammation of sebaceous glands causes

Acne

What is the most posterior bone of the cranium

Occipital bone

Forms the bridge of the nose?

Nasal bones

Bone with groove for passage of tears

Lacrimal bones

Direction terms: Superior

Upper

Inferior

Lower

Dorsal

Posterior

Lateral

Away from midline

Distal

Farther from point of attachment

Deep

More internal

Ventral / anterior

Front of body

Medial

Midline

Proximal

Closer to point of attachment

Superficial

Body surface

Alopecia

Baldness

Part of hair projecting from scalp

Shaft

Axial skeleton vs appendicular skeleton

Axial skeleton forms longitudinal axis of body appendicular forms limbs and girdles

Tailbone

Coccyx

Butterfly shaped bone spanning width of skull?

Sphenoid bone

3 bone markings located on temporal bone

Styloid process, mastoid process, external acoustic meatus

ABCD rule

Asymmetry- 2 sides do not match

Border- Not smooth; irregularities

Color- varies color

Diameter- larger than size of pencil eraser (>6mm)

What is the diaphysis, epiphysis and epiphyseal plate of long bone?

Diaphysis: shaft of long bone

Epiphysis: ends of long bone

Epiphyseal plate: Disc of hyaline cartilage that grows lengthwise

Identify four changes to the skin and subcutaneous tissue as we age. Describe how these changes are noticed

Skin thins- bruises easily

Decreased sebaceous glands- drier skin

Decreased subcutaneous tissue- intolerance to cold

Decreased elasticity - skin sags

Intercellular fluid:

solution inside cell

What are the four primary tissue types and what is the function of each

Nervous- irritability / conductivity

Muscle - movement

Connective - support

Epithelial - covering

1

Proximal epiphysis

2

Diaphysis

3

Distal epiphysis

4

Epiphyseal line

5

Spongy bone

6

Nutrient artery

7

Medullary cavity

8

Spongy bone

9

Articular cartilage

10

Endosteum

11

Compact bone

12

Yellow marrow

13

Periosteum

14

Compact bone

15

Articular cartilage

16

Spongy bone

Interstitial fluid:

solution outside the cell