relationships key terms psych

relationship formation

process by which two individuals establish a connection with each other that can potentially lead to a romantic or intimate relationship

relationship

association between 2 or more people that is ongoing and committed

evolutionary explanation for relationship formation

humans have evolved to engage in behaviours that increase their chances of survival and reproduction. the ultimate goal is to find a mate with who to reproduce and raise offspring

dopamine reward pathway

originates in the ventral tegmental area and is a pathway involved in the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, motivation and reward. when activated it induces feelings of pleasure and reinforcement

gottman’s 4 horsemen

negative communication patterns that can lead to relationship conflict and breakdown. criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling

criticism

attacking a partners personality or character rather than focusing on specific behaviours or actions. harmful as it makes recipient defensive and leads to breakdown in communication

contempt

expressing disrespect, disdain, or disgust for a partner which can be through sarcasm, insults and name calling. contempt erodes the foundations of a relationship and leads to feelings of resentment

defensiveness

making excuses, denying responsibility, counterattacking. escalates conflict and creates a sense of blame and resentment

stonewalling

withdrawing from conversation and refusing to engage with a partner including avoiding eye contact, leaving the room and monosyllabic answers. signals a lack of interest and a lack of investment in the relationship

social penetration theory

the gradual process of self disclosure where individuals begin by sharing superficial information which is less personal and throughout the relationship gradually share more personal and intimate details which leads to greater intimacy and trust.