Integumentary System

The skin is called BOTH a…

membrane and organ

How much area does the average adults skin cover?

3,000+ sq. inches

Skin accounts for how much of the body’s weight?

15%

Three structures that form this system

hair, skin, and nails

deena-, dermat/o or derm/o

=skin

cutane/o

=skin

integument

=cover or enclose

-ologist

=specialist

epi

=above or upon

Dermatologist

A physician specializing in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

cosmetic surgeon

plastic surgeons who perform operations for asthetic rather than medical reasons

plastic surgeon

physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of the body structures

dermatology

branch of medicine concerned w the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders

functions of the skin

to waterproof the body and prevent water loss, block the entrance of pathogens, synthesize vitamin D, screen out harmful UV rays, and is a main receptor for touch

the main layers of tissue which make up the skin

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers (hypodermis)

the epidermis contains NO

blood vessels or nerves

depends on what layer for its nutrition

dermis

how often are cells are lost in the epidermis layer?

every 27 days

how many layers make up the epidermis layer

5 layers

where is the epidermis layer found?

the outermost layer of the skin

Functions of the epidermis layer

protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of the body

melanocyte

specialized cell found in the basal layer which produce melanin

melanin

a dark brown to black pigment which determines the color of the skin

function of melanin

determine skin, eye, and hair color and protects skin from UV rays

what structures in the body get color from melanin

freckles and age spots

freckles

spots of color produced by melanin

keratin

water repellent protein which thickens and protects the skin

where is soft keratin found

in the epidermis

where is hard keratin found

in the skin and nails

another name for the dermis

corium

dermis layer is made up of

connective tissue

where is the dermis layer found

below the epidermis, above the subcutaneous layers

what does the dermis layer contain

blood and lymph vessels and nerve fibers

the subcutaneous is a layer of

tissue

what does the subcutaneous connect

the skin to muscle

adip/o

=fat

adipose

fat

cellulite

term used to describe dimpled fat around the buttocks and thigh

functions of cellulite

stores surplus nutrients in the form of lipids and supplies nutrients to other tissues in deficit conditions

pallor

an unhealthy, pale appearance. May be caused by illness, emotional shock, or stress.

flushing

Occurs when blood vessels just below the skin widen are filled with more blood

cyanosis

A blush discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or oxygenation of the blood

jaundice

yellow skin caused by buildup of bilirubin in the blood

erythemia

superficial reddening of the skin usually in patches as a result or injury of blood capillary irritation

bilirubin

yellowish pigment made during the breakdown of red blood cells

another name for sweat glands

sudoriferous glands

sudor/i

= sweat

iterous

= bearing, carrying, producing

sweat glands description

tiny, coiled glands

where can sweat glands be found

almost all surfaces of the body

where are sweat glands most numerous

the palms, soles, and forehead

medical word for sweating

perspiring

function of sweat

to cool the body

what does body odor come from

comes from the mixture of sweat with bacteria on the skins surface

hidrosis

production and excretion of sweat

hidr/o

sweat

diaphoresis

medical term used to describe excessive abnormal sweating in relation to your environment

dia

through, between, apart

phoresis

carry, transmission

anihidrosis

lack of sweating

hyperhidrosis

excessive sweating

miliaria

also known as heat rash and prickly heat, itchy rash caused by blockage of sweat glands by bacterial and dead cells

sebaceous glands also known as

oil glands

where are sebaceous glands found

dermis

sebum is for

lubrication

sebum is an..

oil that keeps the skin and hair from becoming dry and brittle

sebum discourages the growth of..

bacteria

sebum prevents..

infection

what regulates the amount of sebum produced

sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone

what is hair made of

dead cells

pil/o and trich/o

hair

what is hair composed of?

tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin

areas of the body with no hair are

lips, areola, palms of hands, soles of feet

where does hair get its color from

the amount of type of melanin produced by the melanocytes

function of eyelashes and eyebrows

protect the eye from dust and perspiration

nasal hair function

traps dust

hair on the scalp function

helps keep us warm and protects us

growth of hair is influenced by

sex hormones

how much does hair approximately grow per month

¼-1/2 in

hair shaft =

visible part of above the surface of the skin

hair root =

part that extends from dermis to the surface * at the base of the hair

hair follicle

sac that surrounds and holds the root of the hair fibers

arrector pili

tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles. cause hair to stand erect

what determines whether hair is straight or curly

shape of hair follicle

round shaft =

straight hair

oval shaft =

wavy hair

flat shaft =

curly/kinky hair

alopecia

baldness, partial or complete loss of hair most commonly on the scalp

hirsutism

presence of excessive body and facial hair in women

onych/o

finger and toenail

ungul/o

nail

medical term for nail

unguis

where are nails produced

in the epidermis by cells

function of nails

protective covering for tips of fingers and toes

what are nails made of

hard keratin

nail body

translucent part / visible paet

nail root

fastens the nail to the finger or toe, extension of nail body

nail bed

joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue, located directly above the nail body, blood vessels here give the nails its pink color

free edge

portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed

lunula

pale half moon shaped region at every nail root