vitamins and iron

What are some fat soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

What is the common name of vitamin A? What is its function?

retinoid

Fx: vision and dermal, glycoprotein synthesis

What is the common name of vitamin D? What is its function?

25-hydroxy vitamin D → comes from D3 (cholecalciferol) and D2 (ergocalciferol)

Fx: bone stabilization with calcium and phosphate

What is the common name of vitamin E? What is its function?

alpha-tocopherol

Fx: antioxidant with ROS

What is the common name of vitamin K? What is its function?

quinones → K1 and K2

Fx: activate coagulation factors

If a person is deficient in vitamin A, what kinds of diseases can occur?

Night blindness and hyperkeratosis

If a person is deficient in vitamin D, what kinds of diseases can occur?

osteomalacia and rickets (soft bones)

If a person is deficient in vitamin E, what kinds of diseases can occur?

hemolytic anemia

If a person is deficient in vitamin K, what kinds of diseases can occur?

hemorrhagic disease

If we have vitamin A, D, or E in excess, what kinds of conditions can occur?

A: birth defects

D: kidney stones

E: prolonged bleeding time

What is the common name of vitamin B1? What is its function?

thiamine

Fx: coenzyme with magnesium

What is the common name of vitamin B2? What is its function?

riboflavin

Fx: catalyze electrons in redox rxns, metabolizes iron and folate

What is the common name of vitamin B3? What is its function?

Niacin

Fx: cofactor for NAD+ and NADP+

What is the common name of vitamin B5? What is its function?

pantothenic acid

Fx: growth factor, binds CoA

What is the common name of vitamin B6? What is its function?

pyroxidine

Fx: heme formation

What is the common name of vitamin B7? What is its function?

biotin

Fx: catalyzes carboxylation reactions

What is the common name of vitamin B9? What is its function?

Folic acid

Fx: synthesize nucleotides

What is the common name of vitamin B12? What is its function?

cobalmin

Fx: builds nucleotides, produces RBC, cellular proliferation

What is the common name of vitamin C? What is its function?

ascorbic acid

Fx: cofactor of collagen formation and absorbs iron

What vitamin deficiency is associated with B1? What are the symptoms?

beri beri

caused by malnourishment and alcoholism, with confusion and anorexia

What vitamin deficiency is associated with B3? What are the symptoms?

pellegra

symptoms include dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea

What vitamin deficiency is associated with B6? What are the symptoms?

sideroblastic anemia

iron accumulates in mitochondria

What vitamin deficiency is associated with B9?

megaloblastic anemia without neuropathy

What vitamin deficiency is associated with B12? What are the symptoms?

megaloblastic anemia with neuropathy

What vitamin deficiency is associated with C? What are the symptoms?

scurvy

symptoms include fragile bones, teeth, and blood vessels

What is ferritin? What is its function?

the storage form of iron

Fx: to bind oxygen reversibly

What is transferrin?

iron transporter

How is excess iron stored?

as ferritin or hemosiderin

In iron anemia, what do the levels of ferritin, serum iron, and transferrin look like?

low ferritin

low serum iron

high transferrin

In iron overload, what do the levels of ferritin, serum iron, and transferrin look like?

high ferritin

high serum iron

low transferrin

Which analyte is the most sensitive for IDA diagnosis?

serum ferritin

What is hemosiderosis?

excess iron storage with out tissue damage

What is hemochromatosis?

excess iron absorption through hemosiderin deposits

What is sideroblastic anemia?

iron accumulation in mitochondria causing ringed sideroblasts, associated with B6 deficiency