Pharmacology Chapter 14 Local Anesthesia

Most local anesthetics cause vaso_______

dilation

What group of pt are most susceptible to LA overdose

Pediatric Patients

Local anesthetic agent must have lipophilic or hydrophilic properties?

Both

How is Ester broken down

How is Amides broken down

How to tell which is which

Ester: Blood plasma (higher potential for allergic reaction)

Amides: Liver

Amides have 2 I

pH and local anesthetic

Low pH prevents local anesthetic from converting to nonionized free base form

Cannot penetrate nerve membrane resulting failure in profound anesthesia

MOA of LA: Block ______ conductance

Sodium

What is the first senssation that gets blocked?

Pain

Cold, Warmth, Touch, Deep Pressure

What is the only vasoconstricting local anesthetic

Cocaine

What anesthetic contain amide and ester groups

Articaine

What is the first sign of systemic toxicity (overdose) of local anesthetic

CNS symptoms (lightheadedness)

Methemoglobinemia

Caused by what drug

Treatment

Blood ability to carry oxygen compromised

Caused by benzocaine and prilocaine

Treated by methylene blue

What is the most common cause of syncope by local anesthetic

Scared by injection

Gold standard LA

Fastest clearance LA

Longest actign LA

Lidocaine

Articaine

Bupivicaine