BIO 112: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems of Animals

Veins

________ return blood from capillaries to an atrium, which passes blood to a ventricle.

Mammals

________ ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing, which pulls air into the lungs.

Birds

________ use a system of air sacs as bellows to keep air flowing through the lungs in one direction only.

Chemical exchange

________ occurs between the blood and interstitial fluid and between interstitial fluid and body cells.

positive pressure

An amphibian ventilates its lungs by ________ breathing, which forces air down the trachea.

Oxygen

________ can be stored in their muscles in myoglobin proteins.

Gas exchange

________: takes place in the lungs in reptiles and mammals (pulmonary circuit) and both the lungs and skin in amphibians (pulmocutaneous circuit)

Double circulatory system

________: blood passes through the heart twice.

heart contracts

When the ________, it pumps blood; when it relaxes, its chambers fill with blood.

ATP

Animals are known for deriving ________ in muscles from fermentation once oxygen is depleted.

air breathers

Deep- diving ________ can store large amounts of O2.

Hemolymph

________: the blood of arthropods and insects.

reptiles

Amphibians, ________, and mammals have double circulation.

Cardiac cycle

________: one complete sequence of pumping and filling blood.

arthropods

In ________ and some mollusks, circulatory fluid bathes the organs directly in an open circulatory system.

Systole

________: contraction phase of cardiac cycle.

Diastole

________: relaxation phase of cardiac cycle.

Lymphatic system

________: lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels.

Single circulation

________: blood leaving the heart passes through two capillary beds.

Chemical exchange

________: occurs between the blood and interstitial fluid.

Circulatory system

________: a system that pumps blood through the body; can be open or closed.

Open circulatory system

fluid bathes internal organs directly

Closed circulatory system

blood is confined to vessels

Vertebrate circulatory system

consists of blood, blood vessels, and a two-to-four-chambered heart; closed system

Single circulation

blood leaving the heart passes through two capillary beds

Gas exchange

takes place in the lungs in reptiles and mammals (pulmonary circuit) and both the lungs and skin in amphibians (pulmocutaneous circuit)