Studied by 35 people
Chapters 1-5, Vogt
T/F- The terms interview and interrogation are often used interchangeably
True
Interview are
A free flowing nonaccusatory meeting or discussion used to gather information
Interrogations are
An accusational interaction with a suspect, conducted in a controlled environment, designed to persuade the suspect to tell the truth
Non-accusatory
Even if you are certain of guilt, the suspect is lying
Develop a rapport- does not mean befriend or get suspect to like you
Behavior can be better observed if questions are asked conversationally
Gather information
Investigate- relationship between Vic and suspect, suspects alibi, suspects access to crime scene
Behavioral responses- posture, eye contact, facial expression, word choice, response delivery
Ultimately trying to discover the ______ of suspect
Credibility
T/F- interviews may be conducted early in investigation
True
Investigator should use every ______ to interview a suspect
Opportunity
Environments to conduct interviews
Ideally interview room
Home
Office
Car
Street corner
Interview should be free-flowing and relatively ______
Unstructured
What should you be ready for in an interview
Surprises
Reasons to take written notes
Records suspects responses
More aware of suspects behavior
Slows down pace of questioning
Why slowing pace of questioning good
Easier to lie when questioned fast
Adds silence and pressure
Innocent people become confused if questions are asked too quickly
T/F- You should not be consistent with note taking
False
Interrogations are
Accusatory in nature
Interrogation involves _______
Persuasion
Investigators will make ___
Statements not questions
Suspects MUST be willing to ________ to the statements
Listen
What is not the purpose of an interrogation
To gain a confession
T/F- If no confession is gained, but the truth is discovered the interrogation is successful
True
Describe a controlled environment for an interrogation
Private and free from distractions
An interrogation is conducted only when the investigator is reasonably certain of the suspects_____
Guilt
Investigator should NOT ___ _________ during interrogation until the suspect has told the truth and is committed to a position
Take notes
Non-accusatory nature of interview helps establish what two things
Rapport and trust
Conducing and interview before an interrogation locks suspect into their ____
Lies
Suspect must trust the investigators _____
Objectively and sincerity
Case facts
The collaboration of evidence
Fact analysis
The ability to identify from factual information the probable motivation for a come, unique access requirements, window of opportunity, and the propensity characteristics of the person who committed the crime
Investigator
The persons who actually conducts the interview and possible interrogation
Fact giver
Any person who provides information about the case
Examples of fact givers
Other police officers, witnesses, victims, employer
Do what prior to contact with suspect
Find out as much as you can about the case
Evidence (real and circumstantial)
Sometimes you must _______ information
Withhold
T/F- If the suspect is guilty and you tell him information he knows to e inaccurate this might make him more indigent in lying to you
True
The victims has ______ information
Essential
The victims will sometimes
Lie, exaggerate, not report the crime at all, or just facts of the crime
Who to interview if there is no living victim
The suspects who are least likely to be guilty
_____ suspects can provide info about the guilty
Truthful
The guilty person knows others have been talking to, this makes them more ___-
Nervous
Don’t rely on certain _____ that reported to you as fact
Guesses
What is an exact science and may be relied upon
DNA
When what two things points to the suspect that makes them guilty
Circumstantial and physical evidence
Some investigators can be _____ to the truth
Blinded
How investigators become emotionally involved
Convinced of persons guilt
Invested a. Lot of their time
Physical abuse has occurred
rivalry between agencies or officers
Investigator will lose perspective
How to follow up
Ask for sketch of crime scene
“What do you believe happened “
Ask child to described assault
Use cation against
Anonymous reports and paid informants
Basic principle
Interrogation of the suspects should FOLLOW an investigation conducted to the full exponent permissible by the allowable time and circumstances of the case
Principal psychological factor of a successful interview/interrogation
Privacy
Motivation for all deception
Avoiding the consequences of telling the truth
Suspects lie to avoid
Being procescuted
Being sent to jail
Having to face family and friends
Why is privacy extremely important
The suspect must feel as if they’re in a private place
Almost create the illusion they’re speaking to only you
Quiet
No bars on windows
Non custodial interview remove
Locks or other barriers
Why removes locks
To establish voluntariness and for Miranda purposes
T/F- Room should be one plain color
True
No_____
Pictures
No _ if possible, if not place it to the rear of suspect
Windows
Lighting should be good but not ____
Glaring
No ___
Phones, including cell phones
Suspect and interviewer should be about ___ apart facing each other
4 feet
Chair should have
No rollers or swivel
Straight back
Same eve level
Interviewer traits
Intelligent
Understanding of human nature
Get along well with others
Patient
Heightened level of suspicion
Have an interest in the field
cynical investigator
Believes everyone lies
Suspicious investigator
Actively looks for deceptive behavior or inconsistencies but recognizes the majority of people tell the truth
Interviewer qualifications
Friendly
Objective/nonjudgmental
Genuine curiosity and concern
Enjoy talking with people
Separate the suspect from the crime
Comfortable asking question s
Confident
T/F- Interviewer must ascertain the truth and not pass judgement
True
Three approaches to interview
Upon the assumption of guilt
Upon assumption of innocence
Assume a neutral approach
Assertion of guilt offers __ _____
The element of surprise
The element of surprise causes
guilty to become flustered or confused, thus confess
A guilty person will display NO ____ at being thought of as guilty
Resentment
Guilty person more likely to react
Nonverbally
Nonverbals
Fiddling with clothes
Crossing arms/legs
Squirming in char
Picking at clothing
Turing head away
Disadvantages to assumption of guilt
Street wise guilty person will be guard for rest of interview
Innocent person may become scared or confused masking the curate verbal and non verbal clues to the truth
Advantages to assumption of innocence
Person at ease, easier to obtain information
May cause guilty person to lower his guard
Disadvantages to assumption of innocence
Questions are limited to those that are consistent with the assumption
Neutral position
No advantages or disadvantages
Objectivity
Preconceived expectancy of guilt or innocence affects what during and interview
Questions and interpretations
Dress of interviewer
Professional
men wear coat and tie and women conservatively
Seating
Two chairs 4.5 feet apart, face to face
Question tone
Conversational/ non-accusatory
Notes
Take after every answer
Language
Conforms to person you are talking to
If you catch them in a lie, NEVER scold them
Formal interview
Conducted in a controlled environment
In interview room
Informal interview
Conducted at the scene or during follow up investigation
Not usually in interview room
Custodial suspect
Use Miranda when applicable
Pretense for formal meeting should be
vague
T/F- you should bring up interview in a causal manner that appear beneficial to the suspect
True
Imply other people have _____ to meet with you or been interviewed already
Agreed
Advise suspect his is not _____
Under arrest or in custody
Statements that threaten or insinuate possible arrest with nullify the ______ nature fo the interrogation
Voluntary
Steps to prepare for an interview
familiarize with date times, names, locations
Put important date on conversation sheet
Key topics should be outlined on interview form
How to establish rapport
Level of comfort or trust
Common ground
Small talk
Start with name, dob
Where do they work/go to school
Introductory statements are made too
Identify the issue at hand
T/F- Introductory statements do not establish investigators objectivity
False
If a suspects lies is deception will be _____
Detected
Make sure suspects knows if they are ____ the investigation will show that
Innocent/guilty
What is the greatest fear of the guilty
Not being believable
Innocent person will be _____ at objectivity
Relieved
Allow adult victims to tell their story without ____
Interruption
Remain
Sensitive, yet objective
Ask victim to ____ what happened
Write
Note
Flashcard