Properties and States of Matter

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to weight, mass, volume, buoyancy, density, states of matter, and physical properties.

What is matter?

Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass.

What is weight in relation to gravity?

The measurement of the amount of force of GRAVITY PULLING down on an object.
GRAVITY CANNOT PUSH! CHANGES DUE TO LOCATION because the force of GRAVITY CHANGES.
Example: Moon has 6 times less (1/6) the gravity of Earth so you weigh 6 times less or you weigh 6 times more on Earth:

• 30 lbs. on the moon = 180 lbs. on Earth;

• 120 lbs. on Earth = 20 lbs. on moon;

• Weight is a little more (few ounces) at the bottom of a mountain than the top of a mountain.

What is matter?

Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass.

What is weight in relation to gravity?

The measurement of the amount of force of GRAVITY PULLING down on an object.
GRAVITY CANNOT PUSH! CHANGES DUE TO LOCATION because the force of GRAVITY CHANGES.
Example: Moon has 6 times less (1/6) the gravity of Earth so you weigh 6 times less or you weigh 6 times more on Earth:

• 30 lbs. on the moon = 180 lbs. on Earth;

• 120 lbs. on Earth = 20 lbs. on moon;

• Weight is a little more (few ounces) at the bottom of a mountain than the top of a mountain.

What is mass?

Mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change regardless of the objects location.

What is volume?

The amount of space an object takes up; Doesn’t change no matter where you put the object.

What is buoyancy?

Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float, indicating it has less density.

What is density?

The mass of an object divided by its volume. Denser objects will sink; less dense will float.
Example: Water is denser than oil and vinegar, so oil will float on top of water; vinegar will float on top of water; oil will float on top of vinegar.

What is scale or spring scale?

an instrument used to measure weight.

Balance/Balance Scale/Digital Balance/Three Beam Balance

An instrument used to measure mass (the amount of matter an object has).

What is a Solid?

A state of matter in which the particles are the closest and touching, and vibrate; has a definite volume and shape; have the least amount of energy.

What is a liquid?

A state of matter in which the particles are farther away than a solid, but not as far as a gas; slide past one another & are slippery; has a definite volume, but takes the shape of the container; more energy than solids, but less energy than gases.

What is a gas?

A state of matter in which the particles are the farthest away and bounce off one another; no definite volume & no definite shape; gases have the greatest amount of energy.

What does the word “properties” mean?

A word that means the same as characteristics, traits, attributes, and features; physical or chemical properties.

What does Change of phase/Change of state of matter?

PHYSICAL CHANGE; When a substance is heated or cooled.
HEATING: SOLID ➔ LIQUID ➔ GAS
COOLING: GAS ➔ LIQUID ➔ SOLID

What is a physical property?

A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed, measured, or tested.

What is Physical Change?

Physical properties that change matter physically, but do not affect the type of matter (states of matter).
Exam.– cutting, shape, crumpling, texture, weight, density, volume, mass, slight change in color; temperature,
CHANGES OF STATES/PHASES OF MATTER, condensation, evaporation, melting, freezing, slicing, cracking.

Chemical Change

Matter undergoes a change that results in a substance with new & different properties.
Examples:

• BURNING, ASHES, GAS PRODUCED

• BUBBLES FROM A REACTION

• DIGESTION, RUSTING, COOKING, BAKING, DECOMPOSING, ROTTING

• Turning a totally different color

• A very strong odor/smell

What is a reaction during a chemical change?

The process in which new substances are formed during a chemical change.

Conservation of Mass/Matter & Energy?

Mass/Matter or Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but change forms. The amount of matter always stays the same through any physical & chemical change.
Newton’s Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter & Energy

What does it mean for an object to be flexible?

An object that can bend.

What is a Sieve?

Another name for a mesh screen/strainer; has holes so small particles & liquids flow through, while larger particles stay behind.

What is a filter?

An object used to separate very small particles from a mixture.

What is the process of distillation?

A process that separates particles too small to be seen or filtered.
Example: A solution of salt & water.

What are elements?

Made up of only one kind of atom; pure substances.

What is an atom?

The smallest particle of an element.

What is a proton?

A subatomic particle with a positive (p⁺) charge in the nucleus;
Determines what the element is.

What is a neutron?

A subatomic particle with no charge (n) in the nucleus;
Doesn’t affect the charge of the atom.

What is an electron?

A subatomic particle with a negative (e⁻) charge, in electron shells/orbits around the nucleus.

What is a compound?

Made up of two or more elements that combine in a chemical reaction.

What is the Periodic Table of Elements?

Elements are arranged by rows (atomic #) and columns (shared properties).

What is a molecule?

Atoms that combine with other atoms.