Information Representation

Decimal

A base-10 numbering system using ten symbols (0-9) to represent numbers.

Binary

A base-2 numbering system using two symbols (0 and 1) to represent numbers.

Byte

Eight bits (digits) together in binary, commonly used to measure data sizes.

Octal

A base-8 numbering system using digits 0 through 7.

Hexadecimal (Hex)

A base-16 numbering system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

Sampling

The representation of analog data by taking samples of the wave values over small time intervals.

File

A discrete unit of data.

Variables

Containers for information in programming, characterized by a name, a type, and a memory location.

Integers

Whole numbers without decimal components, including natural numbers, their negatives, and zero.

Checksum

A value calculated by an algorithm from a block of data to verify its integrity. This number is appended to the end of a file sent over a network to check for errors during transmission or storage.

Parity

An early method of error-checking for binary data that works by adding a parity bit to a binary sequence. The parity bit is a binary digit that signifies whether the number of bits with the value '1' in the sequence is odd or even.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - A set of rules governing internet communication.

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

A more advanced error-detection method where a result is appended to data after processing it through a mathematical algorithm.

Hardware

Physical components of a computer system, including CPU, memory, and storage.

Software

Programs designed to perform specific tasks, enhancing user productivity.

Networks

Connections between computers for communication, sharing resources, and internet access.

Cybersecurity

Measures to protect computer systems and data from unauthorized access and cyber threats.

Programming Languages

Tools for creating software, with different languages serving various purposes.

Operating System

Manages hardware resources, facilitates user interaction, and supports application execution.