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What are the main phases of U.S. Literature
Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, Postmodernism
When was the Romanticism period?
1789-1860
When was the Realism period?
1865-1910
When was the Modernism period?
1910-1950
When was the Postmodernism period?
1950s-today
Popular American writers
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), Mark Twain (1835-1910), Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849), Walt Whitman (1819-1892),Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896), Herman Melville (1819-1891)
Which type of literature belong to the Romanticism period?
Sentimental novel (Bildungsroman), Gothic fiction (Schauerliteratur), Satirical/picaresque novel (Schelmenroman), Historical novel, Transcendentalism, Autobiographies
Which type of literature belong to the Realism period?
Local color / Regional Literature, Novel of Manners (Sittenroman), Naturalism (Radical Realism)
Which type of literature belong to the Modernism period?
Experimental Poetry, Short Story & Social Novel,Harlem Renaissance (The New Negro), Social Domestic Theatre
Which type of literature belong to the Postmodernism period?
Ethnic American Literature,Beat Literature,Experimental Fiction, (Cyber)Punk, Neorealism
When was the American Revolution?
1770s
What kind of literature was created in the Americas before the American Revolution?
1.Indigenous Literature (Oral Tradition) (Pre-colonial era), 2.Narratives of Exploration (15th& 16th century ), 3.Colonial literature (Puritanism) (17th century)
The Colonial literature can be devided into ....
Sermons, Jeremiads, Spiritual Autobiographies
Example for Indigenous Literature
Native tales, myths of origin
Example for Narratives of Exploration
Christopher Columbus, Cabeza de Vaca
Example for Sermons
John Cotton, God's Promise to His Plantation, 1630
Example for Jeremiads
M. Wigglesworth's The Day of Doom, 1662 [first Am. bestseller]
Example for Spiritual Autobiographies
M. Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative, 1682
When did Christopher Columbus live?
1451-1506
Christopher Columbus sets out on an expedition into the "New World" in _____________
1492
By whom was Columbus' expedition financed?
Queen Isabella of Spain and her husband Ferdinand II
Columbus was determined to find ___________________
a new route to India
Starts his first journey from Spain on _______________ with three ships
Aug. 3, 1492
Where does Columbus land Oct. 12, 1492 ?
Bahamas
How does Columbus call the region and the island where he landed?
"WEST Indies" and the island "San Salvador"
Which position did Columbus in the West Indies have?
Governor and Viceroy
Columbus is deprived from his position because of ____________
after accusations of 'tyranny (Deportation in chains and imprisonment after his return to Spain in 1500)
The First Voyage of Columbus included?
San Salvador, Bahamas; Cuba; Hispaniola
The First Voyage was an account written by Spanish historian _____________________
Bartolomé de Las Casas
The First Voyage was an account presented as an _____________
excerpt from Columbus's log-books
The First Voyage was an account written by Spanish historian Bartolomé de Las Casas was written in the _____________________
first person singular
The Second Voyage of Columbus included?
Guadeloupe; Antigua; Haiti; Puerto Rico
By whom are the two reports written about "The Second Voyage" of Columbus?
Michele de Cuneo (an aristocratic friend of Columbus) and Diego Alvarez Chanca (the fleet's physician)
The Third Voyage of Columbus included?
Trinidad; Margarita; Gulf of Paria
The events (discovery of Trinidad, Columbus's imprisonment and deportation) are described in two emotional ___________ by ____________
letters, Columbus himself
The Fourth Voyage of Columbus included?
Honduras; Panama; Nicaragua; Jamaica
4th voyage of Columbus is ___________
huge failure, First time Columbus sets foot on the American mainland
There are __________________ written about Columbus' 4th voyage
Reports
The reports about Columbus' 4th voyage were written by ______________
Columbus himself and by his son Hernando Colon (who accompanied him on the voyage)
From whom is this quote and where is it from? "I believe that the earthly Paradise lies here, which no one can enter except by God's leave."
Christopher Columbus, "Third Voyage" (1498-1500)
How are the natives described in the texts?
natives seen as inferior, idea of white superiority
From whom is this quote and where is it from?"They ought to be good servants and of good skill, for I see that they repeat very quickly whatever was said to them. I believe that they would be easily made Christians [...]."
Christopher Columbus, "First Voyage" (1492, cited by Bartolomé de Las Casas)
How is Columbus seen nowadays?
'Columbus day' celebrated on Oct. 8
Columbus is a ______________
Controversial figure
Other explorers who wrote about their adventures?
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
From whom is this quote? "All over the land are vast and handsome pastures, with good grass for cattle, and it strikes me the soil would be very fertile were the country inhabited and improved by reasonable people."
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
When did Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca publish his journals and under which title?
in 1542 under the title La Relación
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was a ________________ and his expedition was in ____________
Spanish explorer, 1528
The first permanent English settlement on American soil was...
Jamestown
How many women were among the first settlers in Jamestown?
None - The first women arrived in 1609
Early troubles of Jamestown?
food shortage, sickness, battles with natives
Jamestown was founded as ________________ in the still young _________________
fortress by English settlers, Virginia Colony
The area near the Jamestown settlement (Chesapeake Bay) was inhabited by ca. ________________
14,000 natives.
The group of natives in Jamestown was known as the ____________________ named after their powerful chief Powhatan
"Powhatan Confederacy"
The group of natives in Jamestown was known as the "Powhatan Confederacy" named after their powerful chief __________________
Powhatan
Powhatan's daughter, who became a icon of early American history, was named ...
Pocahontas
Whose life did Pocahontas save?
Captain John Smith
When was The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Islespublished?
1624
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles accounted the _________________
Pocahontas story from 1607/8
Who is this person?1580-1631English soldier and Admiral of New EnglandHistorian of New England with a vivid imaginatio
Captain John Smith
The two most important religious groups in New England were...
The Pilgrims and The Puritans
What do you know about the Pilgrims?
founded the Plymouth colony in 1620 (Massachusetts), strongly separatist, independence of local churches
What do you know abot the Puritans?
settled in Virginia and Massachusetts Bay, predominant group, Preached: "Only the 'truly elect' should be admitted to church membership."
Who preached "Only the 'truly elect' should be admitted to church membership."?
the Puritans
Today, the Pilgrims are remembered for the invention of ...
Thanksgiving
Where and when was Thanksgiving first celebrated and why?
Plymouth in 1621, to thank God for a good harvest
The Puritans are best-known for ...
Their religious fundamentalism and their literary efforts
The first important type of colonial writing was ...
The Sermon
One of the first recorded sermons from a British-American Colonist was held by...
John Winthrop
John Winthrop was ____________________ and symbolised____________________
Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company, Christian mission
From whom is this quote and where and when is it from? "We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."
John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity", 1630
Where was the sermon "A Model of Christian Charity" held?
aboard the Arbella on its way to the New World
The Sermon "A Model of Christian Charity" was not printed until ___________
the 1830s
The first sermon that came into print was...
John Cotton's God's Promise to His Plantation
Cotton preached to the English colonists in ______________ before they set sail to _________________ with John Winthrop's fleet.
Plymouth, New England
Which reference to the bible was made in John Cottons sermon?
Samuel 7:10
Where is this reference used?God: "I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and I will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more."
John Cottons sermon
Anne Hutchinson was
a theologian and writer, was persecuted for antinomianism.
The belief that churches and the clergy are superfluous (and that the study of the scriptures at home was sufficient for salvation).
Antinomianism
After the Hutchinson Trial, women were forbidden by law ______________________
to speak in churches
From where was Anne Hutchinson banned and where did she flee to and who did she join?
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Baptist Roger Williams and his group
The genre of the sermon was revived during...
The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a period of __________________
renewed interest in religion
When was the Great Awakening?
1720s-1750s
Who was the chief representative of the Great Awakening?
Jonathan Edwards
Who was Jonathan Edwards?
Important American philosopher and theologian, Entered Yale College (later: Yale University) at the age of 13
What did Jonathan Edwards publish and on which thinking was it based?
sermons and philosophical treatises, Calvinist and Puritan thinking
Jonathan Edwards works comprises ________ volumes
26
Who died of unsuccessful smallpox inoculation (early vaccination method)
Jonathan Edwards
What was Jonathan Edward's most important work?
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (1741)
What portrayed a punishing God dissatisfied with the wrongdoing of his 'children.'
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
From whom is this quote and where is it from?"God is a great deal more angry with great numbers that are now on earth [...]. The wrath of God burns against them, their damnation does not slumber; the pit is prepared, fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; [...]."
Jonathan Edwards, Sinners 342
FIRE and BRIMSTONE is ____________
Type of sermon announcing God's wrath
What is a 'Jeremiad'?
A longer epic of lamentation
A Jeremaid is written in ________________
prose or verse
Where does the term Jeremiad come from?
Biblical prophet Jeremiah
The First American Bestseller was __________________
The Day of Doom (1662)
How many copies of The Day of Doom were sold?
1,800
The Day of Doom is a ________________ poem and was written by ________________
Epic apocalyptic, Michael Wigglesworth
What is the opening poem in the Day of Doom?
God's Controversy with New England
Note 
Flashcard (21)