Survey of Anglophone Literature America 1

What are the main phases of U.S. Literature

Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, Postmodernism

When was the Romanticism period?

1789-1860

When was the Realism period?

1865-1910

When was the Modernism period?

1910-1950

When was the Postmodernism period?

1950s-today

Popular American writers

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), Mark Twain (1835-1910), Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849), Walt Whitman (1819-1892),Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896), Herman Melville (1819-1891)

Which type of literature belong to the Romanticism period?

Sentimental novel (Bildungsroman), Gothic fiction (Schauerliteratur), Satirical/picaresque novel (Schelmenroman), Historical novel, Transcendentalism, Autobiographies

Which type of literature belong to the Realism period?

Local color / Regional Literature, Novel of Manners (Sittenroman), Naturalism (Radical Realism)

Which type of literature belong to the Modernism period?

Experimental Poetry, Short Story & Social Novel,Harlem Renaissance (The New Negro), Social Domestic Theatre

Which type of literature belong to the Postmodernism period?

Ethnic American Literature,Beat Literature,Experimental Fiction, (Cyber)Punk, Neorealism

When was the American Revolution?

1770s

What kind of literature was created in the Americas before the American Revolution?

1.Indigenous Literature (Oral Tradition) (Pre-colonial era), 2.Narratives of Exploration (15th& 16th century ), 3.Colonial literature (Puritanism) (17th century)

The Colonial literature can be devided into ....

Sermons, Jeremiads, Spiritual Autobiographies

Example for Indigenous Literature

Native tales, myths of origin

Example for Narratives of Exploration

Christopher Columbus, Cabeza de Vaca

Example for Sermons

John Cotton, God's Promise to His Plantation, 1630

Example for Jeremiads

M. Wigglesworth's The Day of Doom, 1662 [first Am. bestseller]

Example for Spiritual Autobiographies

M. Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative, 1682

When did Christopher Columbus live?

1451-1506

Christopher Columbus sets out on an expedition into the "New World" in \_____________

1492

By whom was Columbus' expedition financed?

Queen Isabella of Spain and her husband Ferdinand II

Columbus was determined to find \___________________

a new route to India

Starts his first journey from Spain on \_______________ with three ships

Aug. 3, 1492

Where does Columbus land Oct. 12, 1492 ?

Bahamas

How does Columbus call the region and the island where he landed?

"WEST Indies" and the island "San Salvador"

Which position did Columbus in the West Indies have?

Governor and Viceroy

Columbus is deprived from his position because of \____________

after accusations of 'tyranny (Deportation in chains and imprisonment after his return to Spain in 1500)

The First Voyage of Columbus included?

San Salvador, Bahamas; Cuba; Hispaniola

The First Voyage was an account written by Spanish historian \_____________________

Bartolomé de Las Casas

The First Voyage was an account presented as an \_____________

excerpt from Columbus's log-books

The First Voyage was an account written by Spanish historian Bartolomé de Las Casas was written in the \_____________________

first person singular

The Second Voyage of Columbus included?

Guadeloupe; Antigua; Haiti; Puerto Rico

By whom are the two reports written about "The Second Voyage" of Columbus?

Michele de Cuneo (an aristocratic friend of Columbus) and Diego Alvarez Chanca (the fleet's physician)

The Third Voyage of Columbus included?

Trinidad; Margarita; Gulf of Paria

The events (discovery of Trinidad, Columbus's imprisonment and deportation) are described in two emotional \___________ by \____________

letters, Columbus himself

The Fourth Voyage of Columbus included?

Honduras; Panama; Nicaragua; Jamaica

4th voyage of Columbus is \___________

huge failure, First time Columbus sets foot on the American mainland

There are \__________________ written about Columbus' 4th voyage

Reports

The reports about Columbus' 4th voyage were written by \______________

Columbus himself and by his son Hernando Colon (who accompanied him on the voyage)

From whom is this quote and where is it from? "I believe that the earthly Paradise lies here, which no one can enter except by God's leave."

Christopher Columbus, "Third Voyage" (1498-1500)

How are the natives described in the texts?

natives seen as inferior, idea of white superiority

From whom is this quote and where is it from?"They ought to be good servants and of good skill, for I see that they repeat very quickly whatever was said to them. I believe that they would be easily made Christians [...]."

Christopher Columbus, "First Voyage" (1492, cited by Bartolomé de Las Casas)

How is Columbus seen nowadays?

'Columbus day' celebrated on Oct. 8

Columbus is a \______________

Controversial figure

Other explorers who wrote about their adventures?

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

From whom is this quote? "All over the land are vast and handsome pastures, with good grass for cattle, and it strikes me the soil would be very fertile were the country inhabited and improved by reasonable people."

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

When did Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca publish his journals and under which title?

in 1542 under the title La Relación

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was a \________________ and his expedition was in \____________

Spanish explorer, 1528

The first permanent English settlement on American soil was...

Jamestown

How many women were among the first settlers in Jamestown?

None - The first women arrived in 1609

Early troubles of Jamestown?

food shortage, sickness, battles with natives

Jamestown was founded as \________________ in the still young \_________________

fortress by English settlers, Virginia Colony

The area near the Jamestown settlement (Chesapeake Bay) was inhabited by ca. \________________

14,000 natives.

The group of natives in Jamestown was known as the \____________________ named after their powerful chief Powhatan

"Powhatan Confederacy"

The group of natives in Jamestown was known as the "Powhatan Confederacy" named after their powerful chief \__________________

Powhatan

Powhatan's daughter, who became a icon of early American history, was named ...

Pocahontas

Whose life did Pocahontas save?

Captain John Smith

When was The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Islespublished?

1624

The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles accounted the \_________________

Pocahontas story from 1607/8

Who is this person?1580-1631English soldier and Admiral of New EnglandHistorian of New England with a vivid imaginatio

Captain John Smith

The two most important religious groups in New England were...

The Pilgrims and The Puritans

What do you know about the Pilgrims?

founded the Plymouth colony in 1620 (Massachusetts), strongly separatist, independence of local churches

What do you know abot the Puritans?

settled in Virginia and Massachusetts Bay, predominant group, Preached: "Only the 'truly elect' should be admitted to church membership."

Who preached "Only the 'truly elect' should be admitted to church membership."?

the Puritans

Today, the Pilgrims are remembered for the invention of ...

Thanksgiving

Where and when was Thanksgiving first celebrated and why?

Plymouth in 1621, to thank God for a good harvest

The Puritans are best-known for ...

Their religious fundamentalism and their literary efforts

The first important type of colonial writing was ...

The Sermon

One of the first recorded sermons from a British-American Colonist was held by...

John Winthrop

John Winthrop was \____________________ and symbolised\____________________

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company, Christian mission

From whom is this quote and where and when is it from? "We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."

John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity", 1630

Where was the sermon "A Model of Christian Charity" held?

aboard the Arbella on its way to the New World

The Sermon "A Model of Christian Charity" was not printed until \___________

the 1830s

The first sermon that came into print was...

John Cotton's God's Promise to His Plantation

Cotton preached to the English colonists in \______________ before they set sail to \_________________ with John Winthrop's fleet.

Plymouth, New England

Which reference to the bible was made in John Cottons sermon?

Samuel 7:10

Where is this reference used?God: "I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and I will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more."

John Cottons sermon

Anne Hutchinson was

a theologian and writer, was persecuted for antinomianism.

The belief that churches and the clergy are superfluous (and that the study of the scriptures at home was sufficient for salvation).

Antinomianism

After the Hutchinson Trial, women were forbidden by law \______________________

to speak in churches

From where was Anne Hutchinson banned and where did she flee to and who did she join?

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Baptist Roger Williams and his group

The genre of the sermon was revived during...

The Great Awakening

The Great Awakening was a period of \__________________

renewed interest in religion

When was the Great Awakening?

1720s-1750s

Who was the chief representative of the Great Awakening?

Jonathan Edwards

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

Important American philosopher and theologian, Entered Yale College (later: Yale University) at the age of 13

What did Jonathan Edwards publish and on which thinking was it based?

sermons and philosophical treatises, Calvinist and Puritan thinking

Jonathan Edwards works comprises \________ volumes

26

Who died of unsuccessful smallpox inoculation (early vaccination method)

Jonathan Edwards

What was Jonathan Edward's most important work?

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (1741)

What portrayed a punishing God dissatisfied with the wrongdoing of his 'children.'

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

From whom is this quote and where is it from?"God is a great deal more angry with great numbers that are now on earth [...]. The wrath of God burns against them, their damnation does not slumber; the pit is prepared, fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them; [...]."

Jonathan Edwards, Sinners 342

FIRE and BRIMSTONE is \____________

Type of sermon announcing God's wrath

What is a 'Jeremiad'?

A longer epic of lamentation

A Jeremaid is written in \________________

prose or verse

Where does the term Jeremiad come from?

Biblical prophet Jeremiah

The First American Bestseller was \__________________

The Day of Doom (1662)

How many copies of The Day of Doom were sold?

1,800

The Day of Doom is a \________________ poem and was written by \________________

Epic apocalyptic, Michael Wigglesworth

What is the opening poem in the Day of Doom?

God's Controversy with New England