Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas and Equations

Ionic Compound

Formed from positive and negative ions.

Molecular Compound

Composed of two nonmetals.

Roman Numeral

Indicates charge of positive ion.

Prefixes

Used to denote number of atoms.

Mono

Prefix for one atom.

Di

Prefix for two atoms.

Tri

Prefix for three atoms.

Tetra

Prefix for four atoms.

Penta

Prefix for five atoms.

Hexa

Prefix for six atoms.

Hepta

Prefix for seven atoms.

Octa

Prefix for eight atoms.

Nona

Prefix for nine atoms.

Deca

Prefix for ten atoms.

Chemical Reaction

Atoms rearranged to form new substances.

Reactant

Starting substance in a reaction.

Product

Substance formed from a reaction.

Chemical Equation

Represents reactants and products in a reaction.

Coefficient

Number of particles in a chemical equation.

Physical States

Indicate state of reactants/products: (s), (l), (g), (aq).

Balanced Equation

Shows equal number of atoms on both sides.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed.

Diatomic Element

Molecule composed of two identical atoms.

Subscript

Indicates number of atoms in a molecule.

Unknown Mass

Total mass of reactants equals products.

Synthesis Reaction

Two or more reactants form a single product.

Decomposition Reaction

Single reactant breaks down into multiple products.

Single Replacement Reaction

One element replaces another in a compound.

Double Replacement Reaction

Exchange of ions between two compounds.

Precipitate

Solid formed from a liquid mixture.

Soluble Compound

Dissolves in water, forms aqueous solution.

Insoluble Compound

Does not dissolve in water, forms precipitate.

Criss-Cross Method

Used to determine subscripts in ionic compounds.

Hydride

Negative ion formed from hydrogen.

Nitride

Negative ion formed from nitrogen.

Oxide

Negative ion formed from oxygen.

Sulfide

Negative ion formed from sulfur.

Fluoride

Negative ion formed from fluorine.

Chloride

Negative ion formed from chlorine.

Bromide

Negative ion formed from bromine.

Iodide

Negative ion formed from iodine.

Aqueous Solution

Solution where water is the solvent.

Chemical Equation Components

Reactants, products, coefficients, and physical states.

Balancing Equations Steps

Count atoms, adjust coefficients, simplify ratios.

Missing Product

Determined by balancing reactants and products.

Table J

Lists reactivity of metals and nonmetals.

Hydrogen Ion

Acts as a positive ion in reactions.

Solubility Rules

Determine if compounds dissolve in water.