MCAT Physics Review - Ch. 3+4: Thermodynamics; Fluids

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Temperature
Heat
Thermal equilibrium
Fahrenheit/Celsius/Kelvin
Absolute zero
Third law of thermodynamics

Material Thermal Expansion

Coefficient of linear expansion

Liquid Thermal Expansion

Coefficient of Volumetric Expansion

Systems

System
Surroundings
Isolated vs. Closed vs. Open Systems
Bomb calorimeter
State functions (memorize)

First Law of Thermodynamics

Heat
Work
Second law of thermodynamics

Heat transfer

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Specific heat

Heat of Transformation

Microstates
Heat of transformation (i.e., latent heat)
Melting/fusion
Freezing/solidification
Boiling/evaporation/vaporization
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition
Melting point
Heat of fusion + Heat of vaporization
Boiling point

Thermodynamic processes

Isothermal
Adiabatic
Isovolumetric/isochoric
Isobaric

Entropy

Second law of thermodynamics
Natural process
Irreversible vs. reversible reactions
Unnatural process

Characteristics of Fluids and Solids

Fluids
Solids
Shear (tangential) forces

Density

Density
Specific gravity

Pressure

Pascal (Pa)
mmHg = torr

Absolute pressure

Absolute (hydrostatic) pressure
Incident/ambient pressure
Gauge pressure

Hydrostatics

Pasca’s principle
Hydraulic systems
Isobaric process
Archimedes’ principle
Buoyancy

Molecular Forces in Liquids

Surface tension
Cohesion
Adhesion
Meniscus
Backward meniscus

Fluid Dynamics

Viscosity (eta)
Viscous drag
Inviscid

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Laminar flow
Poiseuille’s law

Turbulence and Speed

Turbulent flow
Eddies
Critical speed
Boundary layer
Reynolds number

Streamlines

Flow rate
Linear speed
Continuity equation

Bernoulli’s Equation

Dynamic pressure
Energy density
Static pressure
Pitot tubes
Venturi flow meter
Venturi effect

Fluids in Physiology

Circulatory system
Closed loop
Pulse
Respiratory