APUSH

How did European monarchs change from the 1300’s-1400’s?

They were going through a cetnralized state and political unification.

What did changes in monarchies make more people want?

Now people want luxury goods as some people got richer, but the Muslims blocked Asian territory. This led to interest in going by sea to obtain goods. 

What did Portugal do to enrich themselves?

-built a trading post empire abd built an extensive trade empire in the Indian ocean. 

- The Portugeuse used astroblade’s, made the caravel which allowed for more efficient transportation. 

What did Spain do to enrich themselves?

• to. They just finished their reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. 

• Christopher Columbus proposed his plan to Isabelle and Ferdinand and they said yes. He landed in the Carribean and he reported about the undiscovered wealth of the New World. They used agriculture to make them rich.  

What is a joint stock company?

A limited liability organization in which a plurality of investors pool their money to fund a venture-led to the rise of capitalism 

What was the encomienda system?

A colonial labor system in which the Spanish, known as encomenderos, enslaved native people to farm and mine in the Americas. 

What led to the end of the encomienda system and what replaced it?

• The Natives resisted the encomienda system and died of disease. 

• Then The Africans were imported for slave labor. 

• As Spain came to dominate South America, they created a casta system. This system put pure-blooded Spaniards at the top and Native Americans on the bottom. 

How were relations generally between Native Americans and Europeans?

• Natives and Europeans were clashing. Although sometimes they adopted positive things about each cultures. The Europeans learned how to survive on lands they settled on, and Natives learned some weaponry from the English. 

• Sepulveda was a priest who belived God told the Eruopeans to wipe out Natives. Las Casas disapproved of this. He persuaded the kings to outlaw Native Aerican Slavery, but this got reversed.

What were the aspirations of the French in the New World?

• The French were inserted in fish and fur trade, and there was less french settlements in the Americas compared to other Europeans. 

• Some Frenchies married Natives to help enhance trade. 

• The fRench had Oivwe Indians prepared beaver skins, and French helped introduce them to iron cookware.

What were the intentions of the Dutch?

• The Dutch were also primarily economically motivated. 

What were the intentions of The British?

• The British was a hot mess at this time. Inflation then started. Their land of the poor farmers was going away due to the enclosure movement as well. Thus some people wanted to seek religious freedom (Plymouth)  and some wanted economic opprutunity (Jamestown.) The first years of Jamestown was real bad. 

How did Jamestown turn out?

• In 1612 Jamestown discoered tobacco and hen Jamestown was fine again. 

• Indentured servants in the colonies at the time did most of the tobacco labor. 

What led to Jamestown’s transition to African slave labor?

• Bacon’s Rebellion: Nathaniel Bacon, a settler led poor farmers in an attack agains tIndians and burned BErkeley’s (British leader) plantations. 

• After this, Jamestown relied more on slave labor. 

Why was the Plymouth colony started and was it successful?

• The Plymouth colony was established primarily for religious freedom. 

• They struggled at the start, but eventually prospored. 

How would slavery grow in popularity?

• Falling tobacco prices meant that sugarcane was the main cash crop. This grew the need for slave labor. 

• The Barbados Code law took slave autonomy away formally. 

• The Carolinas copied the Carribeans ideas.

What was the Triangular Trade?

Merchant ships would started in New England, then would go to West Africa, and then they would go to the West Indies, then they took the sugarcane to make rum to England 

What was mercantalism?

thought there was only a fixed amount of wealth. Priotized gaining the most gold and silver. Priotizied exploring more than importing.

What were The Navigation Acts?

This set of laws required merchants to trade with English colonies and english owned ships, and certain goods were taxed by the British. 

-It also made the rich richer 

How involved were the colonies with slavery?

Every British colony participated in slavery 

-Cheaspeake and Southern colonies used a lot of farms 

-Viriginia passed a slave code similar to the one in Barbados. 

What was the Stono Rebellion?

Occured in SC, when a group of slaves marched over to a weaponery store and killed the owner. Then they marched along the way and burned plantations and burned white folks. Then the SC militia squashed the rebellion. 

When did slaves arrive in Jamestown?

1619

What was Metcom’s War?

 Opposed British enrchment on line, adn attacked white settlements with other Indians. The British aligned themselves with the Mowhawks and then killed the chief Metacom. 

Why did The Enlightenment inspire the colonists?

he Enlightenment took root in the colonies. This was due to discoveries in The New World. 

-New Light Clergy-rebelled against the Enlightnment on religion. They appealed to emotion. 

What was The Great Awakening?

: Johnathan Edwards and Whitefield led this movement. a religious movement that swept across parts of the British colonies in North America in the mid-1700s. Protestant Christian preachers taught that good behavior and individual faith were more important than book learning and Bible reading.

-The colonies were becoming more Anglican/English, despite their rising frustration with the British. 

What policy would led to tensions growing between the colonists and King George I?

-The practice of impressment-which was forcing people to be a part of being a royal navy member led to colonies wanting to protect their natural rights and to resist the British.