The Early Years - Observation & Documentation

Midterm

What is observation and documentation?

Observation is the act of carefully watching and listening to a child and documentation is the objective recording of what is seen and heard.

Why observe?

To learn about children and their development. To understand their individualities. To design appropriate environments. To create a profile/portfolio for them. To decide our role with children.

Connection between observation and child development

Observation is the primary tool for applying developmental theories to real children, allowing us to see the concepts in action.

Observation bias

The observer's own expectations, beliefs, or feelings can influence what they perceive and record. It is essential to be aware of our own biases.

Subjectivity vs. Objectivity

• Subjectivity: Based on personal feelings, opinions, and interpretations (e.g., "He was angry.").

• Objectivity: Sticking to the facts—what is directly observable and measurable (e.g., "He stomped his foot, frowned, and yelled 'No!'").

Red flag words and categories

Words that are judgmental and non-descriptive, such as "good/bad," "happy/sad," "aggressive," "shy." These are interpretations, not observations.

Using descriptive language

Using concrete, specific language to describe behavior, facial expressions, tone of voice, and interactions. Being as descriptive as possible.

Types of observations

• Running Record: A detailed, narrative account of everything a child says and does over a specified period.

• Anecdotal Record: A brief, factual account of a specific incident or episode.

How are observation and child development connected?

Observation is the primary tool for applying developmental theories to understand a specific child's growth, identify their unique needs and abilities, and track developmental milestones.

What are some reasons why early childhood educators observe?

To understand a child's interests and needs, to assess development, to plan appropriate curriculum, to identify potential delays, to communicate with parents, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning environment.

What are the differences between a running record and an anecdotal recording?

A running record is detailed and a narrative account of everything a child says and does over a continuous, specified period. It is very comprehensive. An anecdotal record is a brief, factual account of a specific, significant incident or episode. It is a short "snapshot" of behavior.

What is the difference between objectivity and subjectivity? When might objective observations be useful?

• Objectivity: Recording only the facts—what is directly seen and heard, without interpretation.

• Subjectivity: Including personal opinions, feelings, and interpretations.

• Usefulness: Objective observations are essential for accurate assessment, identifying developmental needs, and communicating professionally with parents and colleagues.

What are categories of words (red flag words) that should be avoided during observations? What are some examples of each?

• Judgment Words: "Good," "bad," "beautiful," "messy." (Instead, describe: "She stacked 5 blocks" not "She made a good tower.")

• Labeling Words: "Aggressive," "shy," "lazy," "smart." (Instead, describe the behavior: "He stood by the door for 10 minutes, watching other children play" not "He is shy.")

• Vague Words: "Happy," "sad," "angry." (Instead, describe the expression/action: "He was smiling and jumping up and down" not "He was happy.")