Functional Groups and Carbonyl Derivatives - Vocabulary Flashcards

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Vocabulary flashcards covering functional groups and carbonyl/carboxyl derivatives as described in the notes.

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21 Terms

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Alkane

Lacks other common functional groups; contains only C—C single bonds.

<p>Lacks other common functional groups; <strong>contains only C—C single bonds.</strong></p>
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Alkene

Contains at least one C—C double bond.

<p>Contains at least one<strong> C—C double bond</strong>.</p>
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Alkyne (acetylene)

Contains at least one C—C triple bond.

<p>Contains at least one <strong>C—C triple bond</strong>.</p>
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Aromatic

Cyclic, all atoms have a p orbital with pi electrons (2, 6, 10, …); not an alkene.

<p><strong>Cyclic</strong>, all atoms have a <strong>p orbital with pi electrons</strong> (2, 6, 10, …); not an alkene.</p>
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Alkyl Halide

A carbon group with a (Group 17)halogen attached.

<p>A carbon group with a <strong>(Group 17)halogen</strong> attached.</p>
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Alcohol

Contains an -OH group.

<p>Contains an <strong>-OH group</strong>.</p>
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Phenol

Contains an -OH group attached to an aromatic ring.

<p>Contains an <strong>-OH group</strong> attached to an <strong>aromatic ring</strong>.</p>
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Ether

Contains an R-O-R group.

<p>Contains an <strong>R-O-R group</strong>.</p>
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Thiol

Contains an -SH group.

<p>Contains an <strong>-SH group</strong>.</p>
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Sulfide (thioether)

Contains an R-S-R group.

<p>Contains an <strong>R-S-R group</strong>.</p>
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Amine

Contains an R3N group where R is hydrogen or a carbon group.

<p>Contains an <strong>R<sub>3</sub>N group</strong> where R is hydrogen or a carbon group.</p>
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Ketone

A carbonyl bound to two carbon substituents.

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Aldehyde

A carbonyl bound to a carbon and a hydrogen.

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Imine

C=NR is like a ketone/aldehyde but O is replaced by NR.

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Acetal

A carbon bound to two –OR groups.

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Carboxylic Acid

A carbonyl bound to a carbon and an –OH group (–COOH).

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Ester

A carbonyl bound to a carbon and an –OR group.

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Amide

A carbonyl bound to a carbon and an –NR2 group.

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Acid chloride

A carbonyl bound to a carbon and an –Cl group.

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Anhydride

A carbonyl bound to a carbon and an –O–CO–R group (two acyl groups connected through oxygen).

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Nitrile

A carbon triple bonded to nitrogen (–C≡N).