ORH3513C Midterm Lecture Questions -- Final Questions (after -)

Who devised scala nature?

Aristotle

There are plants for which bark is a helpful identification characteristic.

T/F

True

If you can find an axillary bud, you can determine with certainty where a leaf begins.

T/F

True

Which term is equivalent to "lamina"?

A. node

B. stem

C. blade

D. petiole

C. blade

Vernacular names are regulated by the ICN.

T/F

False

The "Doctrine of Signatures" originated with folk medicine because people thought plants that looked like a particular organ would cure that organ.

T/F

True

If after a binomial you were to see the phrase "Smith ex Jones", it means:

A. Smith wrote up the species, giving Jones credit.

B. Smith proposed the name, but Jones described the species and gave Smith credit.

C. Smith and Jones wrote up the species together.

B. Smith proposed the name, but Jones described the species and gave Smith credit

The name or abbreviation of a name that is sometimes seen after the latin binomial is:

A. The person who named the species

B. The person the species is named after

A. The person who named the species

Which of these taxonomic categories is not the concern of botanists?

A. cultivar

B. subspecies

C. forma

D. variety

A. cultivar

Ficus species are a crucial component of tropical and subtropical forests for many species of animals that survive by eating the plants' leaves.

T/F

False

Ficus plants in the Meghalaya area in northeastern India are used to make:

A. houses

B. bridges

C. religious structures

B. bridges

Some species of ficus are part of the ancient Indian Ayurvedic medicine.

T/F

True

An aphyllous plant has what type of leaves:

A. none

B. very small

C. lacking blades

D. lacking petioles

a. none

"Basal" and "Rosette" mean the same thing.

T/F

True

A spiral leaf arrangement is also:

A. alternate

B. opposite

C. whorled

A. alternate

Ants can live inside the stipular spines of acacia plants.

T/F

True

One stipular type is called foliaceous.

T/F

True

When a leaf is pinnately compound, how are the leaflets arranged?

A. along a rachis

B. all connected at one point where the petiole stops

A. along a rachis

A tendril-pinnate leaf has which characteristics:

A. tendril in place of one leaflet.

B. tendril at the bottom of the petiole where it joins the stem

C. in place of an axillary bud

A. tendril in place of one leaflet

The other name for a pinnately compound leaf with a terminal leaflet is:

A. odd pinnately compound or imparipinnate

B. even pinnately compound or paripinnate

A. odd pinnately compound or imparipinnate

The two leaf shape terms that refer to Roman weapons are:

A. sagittate and hastate

B. falcate and sagittate

C. falcate and hastate

D. cordate and hastate

A. sagittate and hastate

A leaf that is widest in the middle and very long (length > 3x width) is called:

A. long-elliptic

B. elliptic

C. lanceolate

D. ovate

A. long-elliptic

Of the terms vernation and venation, vernation is the configuration of an expanding new leaf.

T/F

True

Falcate and falciform refer to the same shape.

T/F

True

A very large and sharp point at the apex of a leaf is called cuspidate.

T/F

True

A small extension of the midrib past the end of the leaf blade is called:

A. mucro

B. caudex

C. caudate apex

A. mucro

Auriculate leaf bases looks like earlobes, while amplexicaul leaf bases wrap around the stem.

T/F

True

A decurrent leaf base is one in which the base of the leaf is fused. or adnate, to the stem and travels down the stem for a distance.

T/F

True

Of the two leaf base types attenuate and cuneate, the cuneate base gently curves toward the petiole.

T/F

False

Which answer starts with the shallowest lobes and progresses to the deepest lobes?

A. pinnately lobed, pinnatifid, pinnatisect

B. pinnatisect, pinnatifid, pinnately lobed

C. pinnatifid, pinnatisect, pinnately lobed

A. pinnately lobed, pinnatifid, pinnatisect

Which two margins show, respectively, teeth facing towards the apex and teeth facing outward in all directions?

A. serrate and dentate

B. dentate and serrate

C. crenate and and sinuate

A. serrate and dentate

A glaucous leaf has noticeable scales on its surface.

T/F

True

Many palm leaves are plicate.

T/F

True

A glaucous leaf differs from a glabrous one in its possession of a significant number of trichomes.

T/F

False

Which answer does not fit the term "rhizome"?

A. primarily serves to propagate the plant

B. often serves as the main body of the plant

C. is typically below the ground but doesn't have to be

D. is a thickened stem that often serves as a perennating structure

A. primarily serves to propagate the plant

Caudiciform plants are sometimes referred to as "pachycauls."

T/F

True

Which term does not mean a stem that has taken over the job of photosynthesis from a leaf?

A. phyllode

B. cladode

C. phylloclad

D. cladophyll

A. phyllode

A valvate bud differs from an imbricate bud in the number and arrangement of bud scales.

T/F

True

An anisophyllous plant has pairs of leaves that are not equal sized.

T/F

True

An acceptable term for three or more leaves attached at one node is:

A. verticillate

B. alternate

C. opposite

D. spiral

A. verticillate

The amplexicaul leaf has bases that are fused to the petiole.

T/F

False

Pectinate means:

A. a comblike margin

B. a spiny margin

C. a coarsely toothed margin

D. a hairy margin

A. a comblike margin

The texture of scabrous leaves is best described as:

A. sandpapery

B. stinging

C. removable

D. fuzzy

A. sandpapery

Tuberous roots can be propagated by cutting them up into little pieces and planting the pieces.

T/F

False

Gladiolus is a cormous plant, the underground structure like a compressed stem with nodes and internodes.

T/F

True

A holdfast can be a disc or root, and both attach themselves by means of a glue-like substance.

T/F

True

A tree and a shrub could both be 20ft tall, but the defining difference is:

A. whether the trunk is branched at the top

B. whether it looks bushy

C. whether is has one trunk or more than one

C. whether it has one trunk or more than one

The living stones belong to the genus Lithops, which belong to the family Aizoceae.

T/F

True

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A major difference between the yucca and the agave plant is that one of them is mono- and one polycarpic.

T/F

True

A biennial plant typically flowers in its first year then produces its seed the second season.

T/F

False

A fugacious part is one that dies but remains on the plant.

T/F

False

The variations we see between different plants of the same species are a manifestation of genetic and environmental variation and likely the interaction of the two.

T/F

True

A plant that exhibits a chimera could in time grow out of it if one didn't prune the plant properly.

T/F

True

An incomplete flower can still be perfect.

T/F

True

Latin and Greek roots permeate the world of morphological terms. Match these Classical Greek and/or Latin roots with their meanings: "oikos" or "oec-", "andro-", "meso-", "peri-"

"house", "man", "middle", "around"

The bracts constitute one of the four whorls of modified leaves of a typical flower.

T/F

False

In English, a carp is a fish, but in Greek, the root "carp" means:

Fruit

A flower that has four separate petals would be called:

A. sympetalous

B. apopetalous

C. apetalous

D. polypetalous

B. apopetalous

The structure of the passionflower that carries the male and femaile parts of the flower above the petals and sepals is called a pedicel.

T/F

False

A zygomorphic flower is one that is radically symmetrical.

T/F

False

The Asteraceae have a special inflorescence that to the untrained eye looks like a single flower.

T/F

True

The funnelform and infundibular flower types are the same thing.

T/F

True

The platform in between the peduncle/pedicel and the rest of the flower is called:

A. involucre

B. hypogynous

C. hypanthium

D. pedicel

C. hypanthium

The leafless stalk that subtends the flowers of some families such as Amaryllidaceae is called a "scape."

T/F

True

The colorful and showy parts of a poinsettia are its petals.

T/F

False

Inflorescences that are determinate are also called racemose.

T/F

False

A thyrse is a raceme of racemes.

T/F

False

A panicle is a compound cyme.

T/F

False

Both leaves and inflorescences can possibly have a rachis.

T/F

True

Dehiscent means:

A. the fruit falls from the plant

B. the seed falls from the fruit

B. the seed falls from the fruit

The hesperidium and pepo are considered specialized forms of the fruit type called a berry.

T/F

True

Which layer of the avocado fruit do we eat:

A. mesocarp

B. endocarp

C. exocarp

D. pericarp

A. mesocarp

Many fruits that are referred to as nuts are not true nuts, but seed kernels of drupes, such as almonds and pistachios.

T/F

True

A silique and silicle differ only in their length:width ratio.

T/F

True

A pine nut is not a nut in a botanical sense.

T/F

True

An achene is the specialized fruit type of the Poaceae.

T/F

False

A pineapple is a multiple fruit and also an accessory fruit.

T/F

True

The hypanthium of a rose flower swells up and surrounds several achenes, and the entire swollen structure is called a "hip."

T/F

True

The suffix "-cetum" indicates a multiple fruit.

T/F

False

In the Scala Naturae, plants were just below minerals.

T/F

False

The beginnings of taxonomy came from our need to categorize things into edible and non-edible, safe vs. non-safe, etc, many things of evolutionary significance.

T/F

True

Succulents are not a taxonomic group, but represent many different plant families with members that converged by adapting to hot dry conditions.

T/F

True

The characteristics most useful in creating taxonomic groups are shared derived characteristics, known as "synapomorphies."

T/F

True

The constructed name of a hybrid orchid genus is known as a nothogenus.

T/F

True

When Darwin found a Madagascan orchid with a 12" nectar spur, he correctly hypothesized that there was some sort of creature evolved to take advantage of it. That creature was a:

A. lemur

B. bee

C. moth

D. tiny snake

C. moth

The pollination of orchids is the mostly accomplished because of a temptation of some kind or reward for the pollinator - it can be a free meal or date, for example.

T/F

True

A famous plant family once considered a "wastebasket taxon" is:

A. Lilaceae

B. Amaryllidaceae

C. Asparagaceae

D. Asphodelaceae

A. Lilaceae

Sexual reproduction in the ferns takes place on the surface of the gametophyte.

T/F

True

The dicots have always been distinguished from the monocots by morphological features, but now the dicots are not a valid taxonomic group because they are not monophyletic.

T/F

True

A vascular plant has specialized conductive tissue to transport water and photosynthates through the plant.

T/F

True

Ferns date back more than 300 million years.

True

Which of the following is NOT a fern family:

A. Adiantaceae

B. Polypodiaceae

C. Nephrolepidaceae

D. Fabaceae

D. Fabaceae

The fern plants we grow and recognize are considered the sporophyte generation; they produce spores and never seeds.

T/F

True

The largest plant family, in terms of species numbers (not including hybrids), is:

A. Orchidaceae

B. Fabaceae

C. Asteraceae

D. Rubiaceae

C. Asteraceae

The legume and loment are characteristic of the Asteraceae.

T/F

False

Which plant family provides many seeds consumed for their high protein content and often relied upon by vegetarians:

A. Fabaceae

B. Poaceae

C. Lamiaceae

D. Asteraceae

A. Fabaceae