Unit 7: Emerging World Power + WWI

Imperialism

The political, military, economic domination of strong nations over weaker territories. The extension of a nations power over other lands

Extractive Economies

An economy in a colony where the colonizing country removed raw materials and shipped them back home to benefit its own economy Exploitation of Commodities; Crops, gold, oil, and diamonds

Alfred T Mahan

An individual who called for the buildup of the United States Navy. He believed that a strong and powerful navy was a key component in maintaining our colonies around the world Ships + Bases

Social Darwinism

The belief held by some in the late 19th century that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them

Fredrick Jackson Turner

Wrote about the closing of the American frontier and that we needed to be involved in imperialism so that others could pursue a path of moral righteousness

Matthew Perry

Sailed a fleet of navy warships in 1853 into Tokyo Bay, Japan to demonstrate American military power and economic opportunity via trade

William Seward

Secretary of state; bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million 2 cents an acre

Sewards Folly

A land rich in resources like timber and oil William Seward

Annexation

America acquired the Hawaiian islands through the process of….

Queen Liliuokalani

The last native leader of the Hawaiian islands and pushed for their independence

Spanish-American War

America went to war with Spain. The US acquired colonies and made a significant move in becoming a world power 1898

Spain

_____ was an imperial power that was in decline heading into 20th century. They held control over the territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, and the Philippines in the Pacific

Jose Marti

A Cuban patriot that led a revolt against the Spanish in 1895. Many Americans sympathized with the plight of Cubans

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

Leading Newspaper publishers like ______ ________ and ______ __________ ______ helped enflame the Americans public dislike by using Yellow Journalism

Yellow Journalism

OR yellow press, were newspapers that used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories in order to promote readership ”You furnish the pictures and ill furnish the war

USS Maine

The ___ _____ battleship blew up in Havana Harbor in Cuba amidst some controversy and mystery. This event became the major cause for a call for war against Spain 266 US sailors died in explosion

200,000

Around how many men volunteered for the Army to fight the Spanish?

Philippines

Where was the first engagement of the war?

Filipino-American Revolt

Commodore George Dewey sailed into Manila Bay and surprised the Spanish fleet with a hotly contested battle in which America won

John Hay

Called the Spanish-American war of 1898 “a splendid little war.”

Treaty of Paris

1898 An agreement signed by the US and Spain which officially ended the Spanish-American war. Spain gave up control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the island of Guam. Sold the Philippines to the US for 20 million

Filipino-American Insurrection

A rebellion led by Emelio Aguinaldo against US rule.

Guerilla Warfare

A form of non-traditional warfare generally involving small bands of fighters.

William Howard Taft

A future president; was named governor of the Philippines and it became a colony of the US

China

_____ was an area of East Asia that many imperial powers looked at with “greedy eyes” land rich in resources and commodities

Sphere of Influence

A region dominated and controlled by an outside power. Economic interests and political control are applied by an imperial power over a territory

Open door policy

Establish by John Hay; a free trade agreement in China

Japan

_____ embraced “modernization” in the late 1800s: they had been exposed to industrialization and capitalism by western nations like the US. They also sought to modernize their military

Russo-Japanese War

America helped negotiate a peace settlement through the works of T. Roosevelt. However, relations between Japan and the US took a turn for the worst with racial discrimination in San Francisco schools

Great White Fleet

An armada of battleships sent by Teddy Roosevelt in 1907 on a “good will cruise” around the world. This cruise publically displayed Americas naval prowess

Foraker Act

Established a civil government (US Controlled) on the island

Platt Ammendment

A set of conditions under which Cuba was granted independence in 1902, including restrictions on rights of Cubans and granted to the US “the right to intervene” to preserve order in Cuba

Big Stick Diplomacy

Teddy Roosevelts policy of creating and using, when necessary, a strong military to achieve America’s goals speak softly and carry a big stick

Roosevelt Corollary

TR’s reassertion of the Monroe Doctrine to keep the Western Hemisphere free from intervention by European powers

Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft’s policy of expanding investments abroad. Taft wanted to rely less on the military and more on economic investment to maintain US diplomacy on the world stage dollars for bullets

Moral Diplomacy

President Wilsons policy or statement that the Us would not use force to assert influence in the world, but would instead work to promote human rights.

Nationalism, militarism, imperialism, entangling alliances

By 1914, ___________, __________, ___________, and __________ _________ came together on the global stage and led to the outbreak of war in Europe

The Great War

WWI was also known as…..

Nationalism

or devotion to ones nation; an aspect that escalated tensions between the countries of Europe

Militarism

The glorification and growth of the military.

Triple Alliances

Central Powers; An alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Triple Entente

Composed of Great Britain, France, and Russia

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The assassination of ________ _____ _________ was the key event that triggered the alliance system and set off the war

Kaiser Wilhem II

Who gave Austria all assurance that they would help them crush Serbia in the war. ”Blank Check

Western Front

A battle line between the Allies and the Central Powers in Western Europe (predominantly in France)

Trench Warfare

Fighting from manmade trenches or ditches that were protected by barbwire. Each side constructed their own trench lines opposite of one another No mans Land

Neutrality

After the outbreak of the war in Europe, President Wilson pursued a policy of __________

U-Boats

German submarines

Torpedoed

Lusitania was _________ off the coast of Ireland

Zimmerman Note

A telegram written by German Foreign Minister Zimmerman proposing on alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States during WWI

Selective Service Act

an act passed by congress in 1917 authorizing a draft of men for military service

Bernard Baruch

Who was in charge of the newly formed War Industries Board

Committee on Public Info

Who began a public campaign to “sell America” on the idea of the war

Conscientious Objectors

People for whom moral or religious beliefs forbid him or her to fight in wars.

Jane Addams

Who opposed the war?

Espionage Act

An act passed by Congress in 1917 enacting sever penalties for anyone engaged in disloyal or treasonable activities

Sedition Act

1918; limited the freedom of speech

Battlefield Nurses

Many women served as ___________ ______ as part of the American Red Cross

The Great Migration

the movement of African-Americans in the 20th century from the rural South to the Industrial North

Mexicans

Many ________ immigrated to the US during this time period. They found employment on Texas Ranches and California Farms

Russia

Who withdrew from WWI in 1917 due to their involvement in the Russian Revolution (internal Civil war)

Valdimir Lenin

Who were the Bolsheviks led by?

John Pershing

The American Army was under the command of General…..

Doughboys

American Soldiers were known as….

Fourteen Points

Peace without victory President Woodrow Wilson composed a document called……

Resparations

Payment for war damages, was a demand the Allies wanted from Germany

Irreconcilables

Group of senators who wanted America to pursue a path of isolationism when it came to global affairs

Reservationists

Group of senators who opposed to the treaty all together unless changes were made

Influenza

One of the first things that the US dealt with in the post war era was an outbreak of….

Inflation

or rising prices; hit the American economy hard and caused labor unrest among farmers and factory workers

The Red Scare

A fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life.

Warren G. Harding

A republican from Ohio, elected to the presidency in 1920. He was a practical man who rejected Wilson’s idealism