Hindbrain and Midbrain vocab

bone, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood brain barrier

what 4 things protect the spinal cord and brain?

cerebrospinal fluid

a clear and odorless liquid that acts as a shock absorber and continually circulates around the brain; provides protection, buoyancy, and chemical stability to the brain

CSF has similar density to brain, so it keeps the brain suspended not resting on bone

how does CSF provide brain with buoyancy?

helps removes waste from CNS

how does CSF provide brain with chem stability?

ventricles

internal chambers filled with CSF (neuroglial cell line these and then produce CSF) 4 of these are found in brain

ventricles, subarachnoid space

where is CSF produced? (2)

2

brain has __ layer(s) of dura mater

20;ATP demand is so high

brain uses ___ % of body’s oxygen and glucose because ________

15

approximately ___% of body’s blood volume is found in the brain

blood brain barrier

a barrier that regulates what substances get from blood to brain; highly permeable to oxygen, glucose, water, carbon dioxide, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine

forebrain

largest region of brain, general functions are planning and execution of movements, problem solving, sleep cycles, emotions, and much more

midbrain

brain region that consists of the topmost part of the brainstem, has a role in motor movements + hearing and visual processing, also acts as a connector for the hindbrain and forebrain

hindbrain

region that consists of most of the brain stem and all of cerebellum, carries out general autonomic processes + balance and coordination

medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum

3 parts of the hindbrain?

medulla oblongata

takes up most of the hindbrain, has tracts that carry motor signals from cerebrum to spinal cord which stimulates skeletal muscles, nerve fibers decussate here, receives input from various sensory organs

heart rate, blood vessel diameter to control blood pressure, breathing, reroute blood

medulla oblongata primitive body functions? (4)

pons

part of the hindbrain that acts as a “bridge" as it conducts signals from the cerebrum (front of brain) to the cerebellum and medulla, involved in almost every involuntary function (sleep, hearing, swallowing, taste, equilibrium, bladder control, respiration, posture), connects brain to spinal cord

cerebellum

part of hindbrain in the very back just above brain stem, has right and left hemispheres connected by a vermis, helps with muscular coordination (balance), also involved in passage of time, judgement, emotion, and memory (reflex memory)

ataxia

condition where there is damage to the cerebellum and as a result person has balance issues and wide gait

10;50

cerebellum is __% of brain mass BUT makes up __% of nerve cells

purkinje cells

largest neurons in brain, have complex dendrite branching, can process many signals at once

tectum or colliculi, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles

3 parts of midbrain?

vision, hearing, motor control, habituation, sleep, wakefulness, alertness, temp regulation

midbrain functions? (8)

tegmentum

serves as the main mass of midbrain, involved in fine motor control, has fibers that connect to cerebellum

tectum or colliculi

part of midbrain that has 2 superior colliculi which allows for tracking objects in line of sight + reflex of turning head if person sees something in peripherals and 2 inferior colliculi which takes information from inner ear to other part of brain (responds to sound)

cerebral peduncle

part of midbrain that has a nerve tract allowing for communication between the cerebellum and CNS, anchor between cerebrum and brainstem

it is an obstacle when delivering drugs to brain for disease treatment, trauma and inflammation can cause damage = pathogens could enter and infect brain

disadvantages of blood brain barrier? (2)

corpus callosum

part of brain that connects 2 sides of brain to allow for better communication

superior colliculi

type of colliculi that allows for visual attention (tracking objects in line of sight), allows for reflex of turning our head if we see something in peripherals

inferior colliculi

takes info from inner ear to other part of brain, type of colliculi that allows for reflex of turning head in response to sound