◎ AP world history | unit one

AP world history exam

the regions that dominated this period were ___ with the incas and aztecs, ___ where the song dynasty reigned, and the home to dar al-islam, ___

americas, east asia, the middle east

different belief systems impacted each region. in east asia, ___ and ___ had the greatest impact. the middle east was devoted to ___.

buddhism, confuscianism, islam

major innovations developed in china including warfare innovations like ___ and agricultural innovations like ___.

gunpowder, champa rice

dar al-islam developed innovations in mathematics like ___ while encouraging transfers from greco-roman ideas like ___

algebra, medicine/philosophy

politically, the ___ system dominated much of the planet as most places remained decentralized

feudal

identify the characteristics of buddhism that was prevalent in song china

middle way, nirvana, eightfold path, dharma

identify the characteristics of confuscianism that was prevalent in song dynasty

filial piety, self-cultivation, dao/tao, ancestor worship

identify the characteristics of taoism that was prevalent in song dynasty

lao tzu, dao/tao, tao te qing, harmony/nature

rulers of the song dynasty used the ___ to appoint people to positions within the imperial bureaucracy

civil service exam

what were the two ways agricultural innovations, like champa rice, benefit east asia?

champa rice benefitted east asia by providing a crop of rice that could be harvested 2-3 times per season allowing farmers to profit more from its cultivation. champa rice also provided the people of east asia to increase their caloric intake which led to higher populations

what were the two examples of how chinese traditions affected other areas in east asia(japan or korea)?

chinese traditions directly impacted the neighboring regions of korea and japan. confuscianism and buddhism both transferred of korea/japan with varying degrees of acceptance. japan and korea incorporated both imperial exam/civil service exam and buddhism with varying degrees of acceptance

the song dynasty lost the mandate of heaven and their rule of china was ended by the invasion of ___.

the mongol empire

mandate of heaven

an ancient chinese philosophical and political concept that grants a ruler the right to govern, but only if they do so justly and wisely

following centuries of domination by arabs and persians, the ___ came to dominate dar al-islam

turks

identify two ways islam spread throughout afro-eurasia

islam spread through afro-eurasia from the works of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis

advancements from dar al-islam included ___ and ___ in mathematics and ___, ___, and ___ in literature

algebra, trignometry, poetry, philosophy, history

south and southeast asia were dominated by what three belief systems?

hinduism, buddhism, and islam

one cause of the siege of baghdad was the rapid expansion of the ___ empire across the networks of exchange. one effect of the siege of baghdad was the end of the ___ ___

mongol, abbasid caliphate

what were the hindu states in south and southeast asia?

vijayanagara empire, rajput kingdoms, srivijaya empire, khmer empire, majapahit

what were the buddhist states in south and southeast asia?

sukhothai empire, sinhala dynasties, srivijaya empire, khmer empire

the most influential sultante in south asia during this period was the ___ sultanate

delhi

african political history in this period was dominated by the west africa empires of ___, ___ and ___

ghana, mali, songhai

what was the religious cause and the economic effect of mansa musa's journey to mecca?

mansa musa, like much of sub-saharan africa, had converted to islam as merchants and connections to dar al-islam increased in this period. mansa musa's entourage spent so much of his wealth (gold) on the journey that he notoriously crashed the economy of cairo

the two most important natural resources exported from sub-saharan africa were ___ and ___

gold, salt

identify two characteristics of great zimbabwe in southern africa

great zimbabwe was the seat of political power for a ruler in southern africa (modern day zimbabwe). it was most remembered for its stone enclosures with walls of 11 meters that were built with no mortar. great zimbabwe was believed to be a key trading post located between the zambezi and limpopo rivers

europe became even more decentralized in this period as the ___ system organized the structures of daily life

manorial

manorial system

a feudal-era economic and social system in medieval europe that centered on self-sufficient farming estates called manors

neo-confuscianism

a major philosophical movement that emerged in china during the song dynasty that blended confucian ethics with elements of buddhism and daoism. it was combined to profit off the success of both religions

foot binding

foot binding was a practice in china where women tightly bound their feet to alter their shape and size

champa rice

a type of rice that could grow twice a year and was extremely drought and weather resistant

shogun

the herditary military dictator and de-facto ruler of a country that holds supreme power over the emperor

samurai

an elite, hereditary military retainer and member of the noble warrior aristocracy in feudal japan; served powerful lords under a strict code of honor

caliphate

an islamic empire ruled by a caliph

sufism

a mystic tradition within islamd focused on achieving a direct, personal experience with god through meditation or prayer

abbasids

arab-muslim dynasty (750--1258 CE) from spain to central asia with baghdad as their capital

turkic

relating to a large group of closely related altaic languages of western/central asia including turkish, uighur, kazakh, uzbek, tatar, etc.

delhi sultanate

a muslim dynasty that ruled much of the indian subcontinent from the 13th-16th century

serfdom

a system of labor and social organization in medieval and early modern europe where serfs were bound to the land they worked, belonging to a lord, in exchange for protection and a small plot of land for themselves

feudalism

a political and social system in medieval europe that organized society around land ownership, where a king granted land to nobles in exchange for military service and loyalty. these nobles provided land a protection to serfs, who were bound to it and their lord

great zimbabwe

an ancient bantu city and capital of a major kingdom that flourished from 11th-15th century; known for being wealthy and controlled the gold, ivory, and copper trade, as well as building a wall around the city

mansa musa

richest man in the world and ninth mansa of the mali empire

ibn battuta

a traveller, explorer and scholar who kept extensive records on africa in his travel log

marco polo

an italian merchant, explorer and writer who travelled through asia along the silk road

what time period is unit one?

(c. 1200--c. 1450)