final exam: BLOOD IMMUNE LYMPHATIC

plasma

plasma

liquid, carries substances

How gasses are transported

hemoglobin and plasma

platelets

cell chunks, prevent and stop bleeding

antibody

protein molecules that develop in response to antigens

antigen

invaders

exposure to pathogen: INATE barriers

1a. physical barriers, ex: stomach acid 1b. macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and kill pathogens 2. natural killer lymphocytes release chemicals 3. antimicrobial proteins 4. inflammatory response through basophils and macrophages, cytokines initiate fever

exposure to pathogen: ADAPTIVE barriers

1. dendrite cells, engulfs pathogen 2. humoral immunity, B cells, plasma cells, memory cells 3. cell mediated immunity, killer T cells

function of lymphatic system

maintain BP and BV, return fluids leaked from capillaires

lymphatic capillaries

permeable to large substances

primary lymphoid organs

thymus red bone marrow

secondary lymphoid organs

nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix

primary immunodeficiencies

genetic mutations

secondary immunodeficiencies

malnutrition, drugs, environmental, cancer, infections, HIV

acute transplant rejections

T cells attack tissue, treated with steroids

chronic transplant rejections

many acute rejections

Type 1 immune hypersensitive

rapid reactions: allergens bind to antibodies on basophils, release histamine, allergic reaction

Type 2 immune hypersensitive

self sabotage: antibodies bind to antigens on host cell and immune system thinks this is foreign

Type 3 immune hypersensitive

getting stuck: antibodies bind to antigens, inflammatory

Type 4 immune hypersensitive

adaptive self sabotage: helper T cells activate macrophages and killer T cells, inflammation

ABO blood group

presence or absence of A and B antigens

Rh factor

type of protein on the surface of RBC