Reproductive system II

5 degrees less than the body

Temperature of the scrotum

seminal plasma + sperm

What combines to create semen?

CL regresses causing FSH to be produced for new cycle

What happens to CL when there is no pregnancy?

Estrous

The production of estrogen begins what cycle?

penis lengthens and stiffen through blood engorgement

Erection

Emission movement & deposition of sperm and fluid from the deferent duct and __tail__ of the epididymis as well as fluids from the accessory sex glands, into the pelvic urethra 

Emission

when semen is expelled through the urethra

Ejaculation

vesicular gland

What gland helps produce semen?

sertoli cells

assist with spermatogenesis

1. produce offspring regularly
2. maximize reproductive efficiency
3. protect future reproductive capabilities

What are the 3 goals of equine reproduction?

21 days

What is the length estrous cycle?

14-16 days

What is the length of diestrus?

5-7 days

What is the length in estrus?

Diffuse

What is the shape of the placenta?

6 layers

How many layers of tissue are between the maternal and fetal blood?

it weakens

What happens to the supporting connective tissue of the uterus after each pregnancy?

drainage and predisposition to infection

What problem occurs due to the elongated shape of the uterus?

day 16

When does fixation of the embryo occur?

luteolysis

What is the destruction of CL called?

The last 48 hours of estrus

When does ovulation begin?

cervix soft, pink, clear  slimy vaginal secretions, vagina vascular

State of the reproductive system during estrous?

cervix protrudes into vagina, constricted, viscous and sticky secretions

State of the reproductive system during diestrus?

tail switching, ear pinning, kicking, sexual rejection

Signs of the luteal phase

4-6 hours

How long does it take sperm to reach the egg?

335 days

Length of gestation

30 days before birth-10 days after

When do the testes descend in the scrotum?

Ridgling

What is the name of a stallion who has only one or both testes not descended?

spermatic cords, external cremaster muscle, and the epididymis

What suspends the testes?

Vesicular, bulbourethral, and prostate

3 male accessory glands?

55-57 days

How long does it take for sperm to mature?

12-13 years

At what age do the testes full mature?

breeding soundness exam

What is BSE?

300-400%

How much does the glans penis increase in size from an erection?

50%

How much does the shaft of the penis increase in size from an erection?

Last month of gestation

When does the udder enlarge?

3 weeks before foaling

When do the pelvic muscles relax?

12-36 hours before parturition

When is colostrum produced?

False

T/F A healthy mare should have milk streaming from it

24-48 hours before foaling

When does the vulva relax?

2 weeks prior to foaling

When does restlessness occur in the mare?

walking pasture or stall, tail swishing, looking at sides, kicking at abdomen

What are some symptoms of restlessness?

2

How many folds does the sheath form around the penis?

8 days

How long does it take for sperm to travel through the penis?

Vesicular

What male gland secretes a major portion of seminal plasma?

watery pre-sperm

What do the bulbourethral glands contribute to the seminal plasma?

seminal plasma and nutrients

What does the prostate gland contribute to?

foreskin

Prepuce

within 12 hours of ovulation/starting at day 2 of estrus

When should breeding occur?

July (may-june)

Prime breeding month