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Terminology, equations and notation from Edexcel Pearson book for AS-level statistics Ch5.
What is an experiment?
A repeatable process that gives rise to a number of outcomes.
What is an event?
A collection of one or more outcomes.
What is a sample space?
The set of all possible outcomes.
What is the probability of an event when outcomes are equally likely?
Number of outcomes in the event/total number of possible outcomes.
What is this?
A and B
A intersection B
A n B
What is this?
A or B
A union B
A U B
What is this?
not A
The complement of A
A’
What can be placed in the regions of a Venn diagram?
Frequencies or probabilities, can be used to represent events graphically.
What does mutually exclusive mean?
When events have no outcomes in common. In the venn diagram, the closed curves do not overlap.
Equation for mutually exclusive events
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
What does independent (event) mean?
When one event has no effect on another. Therefore if A and B are independent, the probability of A happening is the same whether or not B happens.
Equation for independent events.
P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B)
Note
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