Final Exam Study Handout

Amoebas and bacteria are grouped into different domains because __________

Amoebas and bacteria are grouped into different domains because __________

bacterial cells lack a membrane - enclosed nucleus

The most unique properties of water result from the fact that water molecules __________

are polar and form hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is not directly involved in cell support or movement?

Lysosome

A glucose molecule is to starch as ___________

A nucleotide is a nucleic acid

Which best describes the structure of a cell membrane?

Proteins between two bilayers of phospholipids

If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24 chromosomes, a grasshopper sperm contains ______

12 chromosomes

Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prophase in terms of nuclear changes?

Telophase

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in humans?

Production of gametes from diploid cells

It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes during interphase because _________

They are in the form of long, thin strands called chromatin

Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have ______

flowers

While walking in the woods, you encounter an unfamiliar nonwoody flowering plant. If you want to know if it is a monocot or dicot, it would not help to look at the __________

size of the plant

Cellular respiration is the process by which _____

oxygen is used to transport chemical energy throughout the body

A person's unique DNA is carried within some of the cells and tissues of their body. These include all of the following except:

all (the intestines, blood, skin cells, and saliva) contain a person's DNA

You are feeling ill, so you visit a physician. The physician takes your temperature, blood pressure, and pulse and orders blood tests and urine analysis to determine more about your condition. The results of all these observations and tests will help the physician asses why your body is temporarily out of "normal" conditions or _________

homeostasis

The common term for the action of transferring pollen grains from an anther onto a stigma is _______

pollination

Which of the following is NOT an example of an angiosperm

Pine trees

The receptive surface for pollen is the _____

the stigma

All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the _________

sepal

A structure such as a flower in plants, or a liver in animals, consisting of tissues organized to carry out a specific function is a(n)

organ

Which of the following is NOT one of the kingdoms included within the Eukarya domain?

Archea

This organism represented by the figure shown is

A bacteria

Organisms that make their own nutrients by capturing energy from nonliving resources (solar energy) are called

producers

Thinking about life's organizational hierarchy in a biological system, which of the following is the correct sequence from the smallest unit to the largest unit?

Atom - Molecule - Organelle - Cell - Tissue

A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that although prokaryotes ______

have cell walls, eukaryotes do not.

A researcher collected a single - celled organism from birdbath water and grew the organism in a laboratory. The researcher the organism reproducing by cell division, which resulted in identical offspring generations. The organism exhibits

Asexual reproduction

Homeostasis means that

conditions inside a cell or organism remain within a constant range

Scientists have developed an ointment to decrease muscle inflammation after intense workouts or trainings. To test the product, 99 weight lifters are divided into 3 equal groups. Group 1 is given the actual ointment. Group 2 is given an inactive ointment that looks and smells like the active ointment, and Group 3 is not allowed to use any treatment. Group 2 has been given ________

a placebo

What is the advantage of the sphinx moth Xanthopan morgani by having an 8 - inch - long tongue?

It can reach nectar that no other pollinator can reach

The molecule of starch is different from a glucose molecule in this molecule

is complex carbohydrate polymer

The atomic number of an element is the number of ________

Protons in the nucleus

The first energy shell of an atom has one orbital. Therefore, it can contain a maximum of ________ electron(s)

Eight

In a covalent bond, atoms ________

Share protonsTh

The primary building block (monomer) of proteins is

an amino acid

The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acid is

a nucleotide

The primary structural molecule composing a cell membrane is a(n)

phospholipid molecule

Some members of the Archaea domain are often referred to as extremophiles because many live in conditions of extreme _______

temperature, salinity, heat, and acidity

The molecule that contains the information for making a cell's proteins and must replicate itself during cell division __________

DNA

A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other is the _________

centromere

The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is ________

fertilization

The portion of the cytoskeleton that attaches, pulls, and guides the chromosomes during cell division is the ________

spindle fiber

While in biology lab, you observe, in both plant and animal cells, that some single cells are splitting but are still connected by a contractile ring has started to divide them. You conclude these cells are undergoing _________

Anaphase

In what phase of mitosis, is DNA replication accomplished

Cytokenisis

Referring to the diagram, the correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is...

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane breaks into small pieces _____

Prophase

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope re-forms is _______

Telophase

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is _____

Metaphase

A prokaryotic cell _______

does not have a nucleus

The most prominent organelle visible in most eukaryotic cells is the ______

nucleus

In a chemical reaction, which components of a chemical reaction are found on the left side of the arrows?

Reagents

A sugar, a phosphate, and a base is called a(n)

nucleotide

The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are _____

adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

The photo shown here shows two chromosomes from one cell. Which statement is true?

1 is identical to 2

Pollen Grain

Produces the pollen tube

Ovule

Develops into a seed

Anther

Produces pollen

Carpel (Pistil)

Female reproductive structure

Ovary

Houses ovule

Stamen

Produces sperm and is the male reproductive system

Style

Elevates stigma

Sepal

Protects the flower before it opens

Petal

Attracts the pollinator

Mutualism

Organisms that live together and both benefit

Phototropism

A plants response to light

Geotropism

A plants response to gravity

Commensalism

Organisms live together; one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited

Parasitism

When 2 organisms live together; one benefits and the other is harmed

Fertilization

When egg and sperm meet

Pollination

The transfer of sperm from anther to sigma

Sissle

Organisms that do not move

Mycosis

A disease caused by fungus

Germination

When a seed begins to grow

Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called _____

Isotopes

The principal components of cell membranes are _________

carbohydrates

A complex polymer built of amino acids is called a(n) __________

polypeptide

During cellular respiration

Oxygen is used to transport chemical energy throughout the body

Which of the following is not a fate for glucose

Stored as proteins

_________ (a sugar) gives trees the rigidity to grow tall (and makes wood a desirable building material

Cellulose

The ________ is the smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, including reproducing itself

CellW

Which of the following is NOT a eukaryotic cell?

Bacteria

_______ is the movement of large molecules from inside the cell to the outside of the cell

Endocytosis

Every time a cell divides the _______ gets a bit shorter

Telomeres

______ occurs in all types of cells, somatic and reproductive prior to cell division

DNA Replication

Which of the following is the correct order of the Linnaean Classification system?

Species, Genus, Family, Order

The one thing that makes a mammal a mammal is ____

hair

Which of the following does not produce a seed?

Gymnosperms

How do non - vascular plants distribute nutrients throughout the plant?

Roots

Which of the following have "naked" seeds?

Gymnosperm

Which is larger, the male cone or the female cone?

Female

Which is larger, the male cone or the female cone?

Female

Which of the following are types of lipids?

Fats, Phospholipids, and Fatty Acids

The point at which a leaf is attached to a stem is called the ________

auxiliary bud

_______ are the water conducting tubes in plants

Xylem

Atoms are held together by a force called a chemical bond. The 3 types of chemical bonds are:

Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen

Nucleic acids are ________

the energy source for the body

If you put a drop of food coloring into a glass of water, the drop of color will _______

instantly disperse throughout the water; this is because of diffusion

In order for an enzyme to work properly, _________

it must have a particular shape

The energy that is used by almost all living things on the planet comes from the sun. It is captured by plants, algae, and some bacteria through the process of ______________

Photosynthesis

Prokaryotes reproduce by _______

Copying DNA, then undergoing binary fission

Homologous chromosomes _______

also are referred to as sister chromatids

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Interphase/DNA Replication