Final Exam Study Handout

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I will update this when I get it checked on Monday. Link to Microscope Quiz: https://www.purposegames.com/game/microscope-labeling . Link to Plant Cell Quiz: https://www.purposegames.com/game/2bde3fa5 . Link to Animal Cell Quiz: https://www.purposegames.com/game/this-animal-cell-needs-labelling-quiz

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179 Terms

1
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Amoebas and bacteria are grouped into different domains because __________
bacterial cells lack a membrane - enclosed nucleus
2
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The most unique properties of water result from the fact that water molecules __________
are polar and form hydrogen bonds
3
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Which of the following is not directly involved in cell support or movement?
Lysosome
4
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A glucose molecule is to starch as ___________
A nucleotide is a nucleic acid
5
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Which best describes the structure of a cell membrane?
Proteins between two bilayers of phospholipids
6
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If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24 chromosomes, a grasshopper sperm contains ______
12 chromosomes
7
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Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prophase in terms of nuclear changes?
Telophase
8
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Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in humans?
Production of gametes from diploid cells
9
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It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes during interphase because _________
They are in the form of long, thin strands called chromatin
10
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Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have ______
flowers
11
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While walking in the woods, you encounter an unfamiliar nonwoody flowering plant. If you want to know if it is a monocot or dicot, it would not help to look at the __________
size of the plant
12
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Cellular respiration is the process by which _____
oxygen is used to transport chemical energy throughout the body
13
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A person's unique DNA is carried within some of the cells and tissues of their body. These include all of the following except:
all (the intestines, blood, skin cells, and saliva) contain a person's DNA
14
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You are feeling ill, so you visit a physician. The physician takes your temperature, blood pressure, and pulse and orders blood tests and urine analysis to determine more about your condition. The results of all these observations and tests will help the physician asses why your body is temporarily out of "normal" conditions or _________
homeostasis
15
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The common term for the action of transferring pollen grains from an anther onto a stigma is _______
pollination
16
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an angiosperm
Pine trees
17
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The receptive surface for pollen is the _____
the stigma
18
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All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the _________
sepal
19
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A structure such as a flower in plants, or a liver in animals, consisting of tissues organized to carry out a specific function is a(n)
organ
20
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Which of the following is NOT one of the kingdoms included within the Eukarya domain?
Archea
21
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This organism represented by the figure shown is
This organism represented by the figure shown is
A bacteria
22
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Organisms that make their own nutrients by capturing energy from nonliving resources (solar energy) are called
producers
23
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Thinking about life's organizational hierarchy in a biological system, which of the following is the correct sequence from the smallest unit to the largest unit?
Atom - Molecule - Organelle - Cell - Tissue
24
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A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that although prokaryotes ______
have cell walls, eukaryotes do not.
25
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A researcher collected a single - celled organism from birdbath water and grew the organism in a laboratory. The researcher the organism reproducing by cell division, which resulted in identical offspring generations. The organism exhibits
Asexual reproduction
26
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Homeostasis means that
conditions inside a cell or organism remain within a constant range
27
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Scientists have developed an ointment to decrease muscle inflammation after intense workouts or trainings. To test the product, 99 weight lifters are divided into 3 equal groups. Group 1 is given the actual ointment. Group 2 is given an inactive ointment that looks and smells like the active ointment, and Group 3 is not allowed to use any treatment. Group 2 has been given ________
a placebo
28
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What is the advantage of the sphinx moth Xanthopan morgani by having an 8 - inch - long tongue?
It can reach nectar that no other pollinator can reach
29
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The molecule of starch is different from a glucose molecule in this molecule
The molecule of starch is different from a glucose molecule in this molecule
is complex carbohydrate polymer
30
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The atomic number of an element is the number of ________
Protons in the nucleus
31
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The first energy shell of an atom has one orbital. Therefore, it can contain a maximum of ________ electron(s)
Eight
32
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In a covalent bond, atoms ________
Share protonsTh
33
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The primary building block (monomer) of proteins is
an amino acid
34
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The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acid is
a nucleotide
35
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The primary structural molecule composing a cell membrane is a(n)
phospholipid molecule
36
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Some members of the Archaea domain are often referred to as extremophiles because many live in conditions of extreme _______
temperature, salinity, heat, and acidity
37
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The molecule that contains the information for making a cell's proteins and must replicate itself during cell division __________
DNA
38
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A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other is the _________
centromere
39
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The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is ________
fertilization
40
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The portion of the cytoskeleton that attaches, pulls, and guides the chromosomes during cell division is the ________
spindle fiber
41
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While in biology lab, you observe, in both plant and animal cells, that some single cells are splitting but are still connected by a contractile ring has started to divide them. You conclude these cells are undergoing _________
Anaphase
42
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In what phase of mitosis, is DNA replication accomplished
In what phase of mitosis, is DNA replication accomplished
Cytokenisis
43
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Referring to the diagram, the correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is...
Referring to the diagram, the correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is...
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
44
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The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane breaks into small pieces _____
The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane breaks into small pieces _____
Prophase
45
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The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope re-forms is _______
The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope re-forms is _______
Telophase
46
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The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is _____
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is _____
Metaphase
47
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A prokaryotic cell _______
does not have a nucleus
48
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The most prominent organelle visible in most eukaryotic cells is the ______
nucleus
49
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In a chemical reaction, which components of a chemical reaction are found on the left side of the arrows?
Reagents
50
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A sugar, a phosphate, and a base is called a(n)
nucleotide
51
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The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are _____
adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil
52
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The photo shown here shows two chromosomes from one cell. Which statement is true?
The photo shown here shows two chromosomes from one cell. Which statement is true?
1 is identical to 2
53
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Pollen Grain
Produces the pollen tube
54
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Ovule
Develops into a seed
55
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Anther
Produces pollen
56
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Carpel (Pistil)
Female reproductive structure
57
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Ovary
Houses ovule
58
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Stamen
Produces sperm and is the male reproductive system
59
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Style
Elevates stigma
60
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Sepal
Protects the flower before it opens
61
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Petal
Attracts the pollinator
62
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Mutualism
Organisms that live together and both benefit
63
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Phototropism
A plants response to light
64
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Geotropism
A plants response to gravity
65
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Commensalism
Organisms live together; one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited
66
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Parasitism
When 2 organisms live together; one benefits and the other is harmed
67
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Fertilization
When egg and sperm meet
68
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Pollination
The transfer of sperm from anther to sigma
69
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Sissle
Organisms that do not move
70
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Mycosis
A disease caused by fungus
71
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Germination
When a seed begins to grow
72
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Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called _____
Isotopes
73
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The principal components of cell membranes are _________
carbohydrates
74
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A complex polymer built of amino acids is called a(n) __________
polypeptide
75
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During cellular respiration
Oxygen is used to transport chemical energy throughout the body
76
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Which of the following is not a fate for glucose
Stored as proteins
77
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_________ (a sugar) gives trees the rigidity to grow tall (and makes wood a desirable building material
Cellulose
78
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The ________ is the smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, including reproducing itself
CellW
79
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Which of the following is NOT a eukaryotic cell?
Bacteria
80
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_______ is the movement of large molecules from inside the cell to the outside of the cell
Endocytosis
81
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Every time a cell divides the _______ gets a bit shorter
Telomeres
82
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______ occurs in all types of cells, somatic and reproductive prior to cell division
DNA Replication
83
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Which of the following is the correct order of the Linnaean Classification system?
Species, Genus, Family, Order
84
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The one thing that makes a mammal a mammal is ____
hair
85
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Which of the following does not produce a seed?
Gymnosperms
86
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How do non - vascular plants distribute nutrients throughout the plant?
Roots
87
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Which of the following have "naked" seeds?
Gymnosperm
88
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Which is larger, the male cone or the female cone?
Female
89
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Which is larger, the male cone or the female cone?
Female
90
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Which of the following are types of lipids?
Fats, Phospholipids, and Fatty Acids
91
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The point at which a leaf is attached to a stem is called the ________
auxiliary bud
92
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_______ are the water conducting tubes in plants
Xylem
93
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Atoms are held together by a force called a chemical bond. The 3 types of chemical bonds are:
Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen
94
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Nucleic acids are ________
the energy source for the body
95
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If you put a drop of food coloring into a glass of water, the drop of color will _______
instantly disperse throughout the water; this is because of diffusion
96
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In order for an enzyme to work properly, _________
it must have a particular shape
97
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The energy that is used by almost all living things on the planet comes from the sun. It is captured by plants, algae, and some bacteria through the process of ______________
Photosynthesis
98
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Prokaryotes reproduce by _______
Copying DNA, then undergoing binary fission
99
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Homologous chromosomes _______
also are referred to as sister chromatids
100
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Which of the following pairings is correct?
Interphase/DNA Replication