Bio Chapter 6 WORKING
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39 Terms
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Chromatids
Tightly coiled chromosomes, shaped like half an X
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Sister Chromatids
Connected chromatids forming an X
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Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Order of mitosis
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Prophase
The stage of mitosis in which DNA condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and centrioles move to poles and form spindle fibers
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Metaphase
The stage of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to each chromosome, which each line up along the cell equator (middle)
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Anaphase
The stage of mitosis in which chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell
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Telophase
The stage of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane starts to form, chromosomes uncoil, and spindle fibers fall apart
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Cytokinesis
The stage of mitosis in which animal and plant cells divide
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Homologous Chromosome
Chromosomes containing the same genes
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Autosomes
Chromosomes containing your traits
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Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomes determining biological sex
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How many chromosomes do haploid cells have
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46
How many chromosomes do diploid cells have
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Somatic Cells
What type of cells are diploid?
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Sex Cells
What type of cells are haploid?
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2n
Symbol for diploid
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n
Symbol for haploid
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Somatic Cells
Cells making up body & tissue
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Germ Cells
Sex cells before maturity
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Gametes
Mature sex cells
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Before meiosis
When does DNA replication occur for meiosis?
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Meiosis I
The overall stage of meiosis in which genetic info is exchanged creating 2 haploid cells
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Meiosis II
The overall stage of meiosis in which sister chromatids are divided creating 4 cells with a diploid number of chromatids
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Crossing Over
The process in prophase I in which genetic info is exchanged between homologous chromosomes
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Gametogenesis
The production of mature gametes
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Fertilization
The initial fusion of egg & sperm
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Zygote
The ultimate union of an egg & sperm
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X & X
Female sex chromosomes
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X & Y
Male sex chromosomes
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Prophase I
The specific stage of meiosis in which chromosomes get into homologous pairs & genetic information is exchanged
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Metaphase I
Homologous pairs line up along the middle of the cell
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Independent Assortment
During Metaphase I, homologous pairs line up in different orders to create genetic diversity, a process known as _______
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Anaphase I
The specific stage of meiosis in which homologous pairs separate from each other
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Spermatogenesis
The process in which males produce 4 equal sperm, lasting from puberty until death
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Oogenesis
The process in which females produce an egg
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Polar Bodies
3 are produced during oogenesis and are eventually broken down
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Prophase I
The meiosis process that begins in females as a fetus
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DNA
Sperm contributes ___ to an embryo
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DNA, Cytoplasm, & Organelles
Eggs contribute ___ to an embryo