Bio Chapter 6 WORKING

Chromatids

Chromatids

Tightly coiled chromosomes, shaped like half an X

Sister Chromatids

Connected chromatids forming an X

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Order of mitosis

Prophase

The stage of mitosis in which DNA condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and centrioles move to poles and form spindle fibers

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to each chromosome, which each line up along the cell equator (middle)

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis in which chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell

Telophase

The stage of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane starts to form, chromosomes uncoil, and spindle fibers fall apart

Cytokinesis

The stage of mitosis in which animal and plant cells divide

Homologous Chromosome

Chromosomes containing the same genes

Autosomes

Chromosomes containing your traits

Sex Chromosomes

Chromosomes determining biological sex

23

How many chromosomes do haploid cells have

46

How many chromosomes do diploid cells have

Somatic Cells

What type of cells are diploid?

Sex Cells

What type of cells are haploid?

2n

Symbol for diploid

n

Symbol for haploid

Somatic Cells

Cells making up body & tissue

Germ Cells

Sex cells before maturity

Gametes

Mature sex cells

Before meiosis

When does DNA replication occur for meiosis?

Meiosis I

The overall stage of meiosis in which genetic info is exchanged creating 2 haploid cells

Meiosis II

The overall stage of meiosis in which sister chromatids are divided creating 4 cells with a diploid number of chromatids

Crossing Over

The process in prophase I in which genetic info is exchanged between homologous chromosomes

Gametogenesis

The production of mature gametes

Fertilization

The initial fusion of egg & sperm

Zygote

The ultimate union of an egg & sperm

X & X

Female sex chromosomes

X & Y

Male sex chromosomes

Prophase I

The specific stage of meiosis in which chromosomes get into homologous pairs & genetic information is exchanged

Metaphase I

Homologous pairs line up along the middle of the cell

Independent Assortment

During Metaphase I, homologous pairs line up in different orders to create genetic diversity, a process known as _______

Anaphase I

The specific stage of meiosis in which homologous pairs separate from each other

Spermatogenesis

The process in which males produce 4 equal sperm, lasting from puberty until death

Oogenesis

The process in which females produce an egg

Polar Bodies

3 are produced during oogenesis and are eventually broken down

Prophase I

The meiosis process that begins in females as a fetus

DNA

Sperm contributes ___ to an embryo

DNA, Cytoplasm, & Organelles

Eggs contribute ___ to an embryo