abeka biology 10 section 5.1

quiz on mon (9/25)

taxonomy

process of arranging organisms into groups

carolus linnaeus

swedish naturalist that devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification

john ray

an english clergyman who devoted much time to natural studies and became well known for his work and plants

classification

fill in the blank

linneus set up a _____________ system based on basic body structure of animals and on arrangement of reproductive organs in plants

kingdom

all living things that are divided into main groups

plantae

plant kingdom

animalia

animal kingdom

phylum

one of the main groups into which a kingdom is divided ; also called a division in botany

class

level of taxonomy between phylum and order

order

level of classification between class and family

family

level of classification between order and genus

genus

level of classification between family and species

species

group of very similar organisms that can interbreed freely in nature; lowest of the seven main levels of the Linnaean classification system

kind

group of similar organisms that are all descended from a single group of originally created organisms

binomial nomenclature

the system for assigning specific names

eukaryotes

organism that has a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

prokaryotes

organism that does not have a membrane-bound nucleus

plantae

green plants; multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and usually perform photosynthesis

fungi

fungus kingdom; consists of multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and do not conduct photosynthesis

animalia

multicellular animals; consists of eukaryotes without cell walls; usually can move and collect food

protista

kingdom consisting of eukaryotes that are not green plants, fungi, or multicellular animals

eubacteria

true bacteria, including common disease­-causing bacteria; prokaryotes with cell walls made of the substance peptidoglycan

archaebacteria

prokaryotes that do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls and have other key differences from true bacteria; many live in extreme environments

domain

any of the three larger groups into which kingdoms are placed

eukarya

consists of all eukaryotes

eubacteria

in domain bacteria

archaebacteria

in domain archaea

phylogeny

the supposed evolutionary relationships of organisms

cladistics

the supposed evolutionary relationships of organisms

phylogenetic trees

depict all forms of life coming from a single life form

molecular phylogeny

supposed relationships come from comparing organisms’ genetic information