AP gov: Amendments (1-27)

First amendment

Freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, petition

SCOTUS cases: Tinker v Des Moines, Citizens United V FEC, Engle v Vitale, Wisconsin v Yoder, Schenck v US, and NYT v US

Second amendment

Right to bear arms (individuals) and form militias (state)

SCOTUS case: McDonald v Chicago and DC v Heller (not required)

Third Amendment

no quartering of soldiers without consent

Fourth amendment

no unreasonable search and seizure

Fifth amendment

1. double jeopardy

2. due process (of law)

3. eminent domain

4. self incrimination (right to remain silent)

5. grand jury

Sixth amdment

1. trial by jury

2. speedy and public trial

3. impartial jury

4. Miranda rights (right to know what you’re accused of )

5. Right to an attorney

SCOTUS case: Gideon v Wainwright

Seventh amendment

Trial by jury for civil cases involving 20$ or more

Eight amendment

no cruel and unusual punishment and no unreasonable/excessive bail

Ninth amendment

citizens have rights not granted in the US constitution and bill of rights

Tenth amendment

powers not given to federal government go to the states and people

SCOTUS case: Lopez v US and McCulloch v Maryland

Eleventh amendment

can’t sue a state you’re not a citizen of

Twelfth amendment

Elect president and Vice President together, not runner up

Thirteenth amendment

abolished and prohibits slavery

civil rights amendments

Fourteenth amendment

defines “citizenship”: anyone born in the US or naturalized is a citizen

Contains: equal protection clause, due process clause

SCOTUS case: Shaw v Reno, Baker v Carr, Roe v Wade, and Brown v Board of Education

civil rights amendment

Fifteenth amendment

can’t discriminate by race when it comes to voting

civil rights amendment

Sixteenth amendment

established the federal income tax →pay tax to state and federal

Seventeenth amendment

People elect senators

States used to elect senators

Eighteenth amendment

prohibits sale and distribution of alcohol

led to era of “prohibition”

Nineteenth amendment

gave women the right to vote “women’s suffrage”

Twentieth amendment

established when the president and congressional terms begin and end

Twenty-first amendment

Repeals the 18th amendment (allowed to sell and distribute alcohol)

Twenty-second amendment

limits the president to 2 (nonconsecutive) terms

Twenty-third amendment

allows residents of DC to vote in presidential elections

Twenty-fourth amendment

banned poll taxes

Twenty-fifth amendment

establishes presidential succession

Twenty-sixth amendment

lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

Twenty-seventh amendment

If congress votes itself a pay increase, increase cannot take effect until after the next election