How the Hydrosphere impacts the other spheres

Biosphere:

Lithosphere:

• Animals need water to drink, swim and breed

• Water is needed to allow the ecosystem to be health and for plants to thrive

• Water’s ability to erode rocks and transport materials

• The landforms created e.g. waterfalls, gorges, canyons and rivers

What it is

Works by capturing moisture blown in from the ocean using mesh structures (need wind, consistent fog and light winds), the gravity then collects water.

Pros

• Cheap to set up + run

• Use captured water for agriculture e.g. Aloe Vera

• If captured 4% of this water, it could provide drinking water for chilies people

• Can help poor people gain drinking water

• Passive solution (No energy needed)

• 200 - 400L water collected/day per net

Cons

• Won't work everywhere 

• A moist sea breeze is needed to blow clouds over

• Large companies aren't interested in up scaling fog catching as they want big profits (poor who need these can't pay)

• Only funded by donations

What it is

Cloud seeding is the process in which planes, canons and even drones are used to scatter silver iodide into the clouds this process clumps particles together to speed up precipitation. Cloud seeding is an artificial weather modification technique that involves introducing cloud condensation nuclei into the atmosphere, which enhances a cloud’s ability to produce rain and snow.

Pros

• Increases precipitation (rain or snow) to places that need it)

• Can manipulate when the rain or snow falls

• Can help with providing HEP + drinking water, snow for recreation (Skiing or snowboarding)

• Can improve water security

• Can cool a hot place

• Helps alleviate future drought

Cons

• Places will miss out on rain they should have had, and this could impact people, livestock, crops, and wildlife

•  Very expensive

• May rain anyway

• Increases carbon emissions from the planes used

• Could have knock on effects

• May provide too much rain and cause floods

What it is

Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater the two types include thermal and reverse osmosis.

Pros

• Stable + reliable process

• Provides clean drinking water

• Is part of the solution to water scarcity - need to save water in other ways first

• Can be used to treat wastewater

Cons

• Its energy intensive

• Expensive

• Environmental impacts on marine life

• Brine (hyper salty water)

• 2L ocean water produces 1L drinking water -> 1L hyper salty brine back into the ocean 

• Intake of salt can harm sea life

• Salty water sinks to sea floor (100m)

Term:

Definition:

Condensation

The process of changing a gas into a liquid

Evaporation

The process of changing a liquid into a gas

Groundwater

Water located underneath the Earth’s surface

Infiltration

The movement of water through soil, moving downwards

Percolation

The filtration of water down through soil and porous rocks

Photosynthesis

The process plants use to turn light energy, water and carbon dioxide into an energy source(glucose); oxygen is also produced throughout this process

Sublimation

The process of turning a solid into gas, without passing the liquid state

Surface runoff

Water that moves on the earths surface, e.g. rivers and streams

Transpiration

The process where water moves through a plant and evaporates from the leaves (or other parts of the plant) via openings called stomata

Vapour

A substance in the gaseous state

Water storages (PERTIC)

Water flows (OAISG)

Precipitation

Evaporation

Runoff

Transpiration

Oceans and seas

Atmosphere

Ice, snow and permafrost

Soil water

Groundwater

Word

Meaning

Interconnections

Globalisation

The process through which and increasingly free flow of ideas, people, goods, services, and capital leads to the integration of economies and societies.

Examples of personal connections with place:

Examples of personal connections with elements of the wider world:

• Community

• Spiritually

• Family

• Nature

• Emotionally - time spent, memories, etc.

• Travel 

• Families overseas

• Products from different countries

• Resources from other countries like food and technology and raw materials such as iron ore

• Phone calls

The benefits of information technology

Benefits

Cons

• Efficiency

• Research

• Communication

• Information

• Sales

• Business

• Productivity

• Privacy

• Addiction

• Lack of real-life social interaction

• Cost