Geo Notes - Sem 2 2024

What are the main types of water resources?

Groundwater, wastewater, surface water, rainwater, stormwater.

How does the hydrosphere impact the biosphere?

Provides water for animals to drink, swim, and breed, supporting ecosystem health and plant growth.

How does the hydrosphere impact the lithosphere?

Water erodes rocks and shapes landforms, affecting soil and geological structures.

What landforms can water erosion create?

Waterfalls, gorges, canyons, and rivers.

What is fog harvesting?

A method of capturing moisture from fog using mesh structures.

What conditions are ideal for fog harvesting?

Wind, consistent fog, and light winds.

What are the advantages of fog harvesting?

Low cost, passive solution, can provide agricultural water, benefits poor communities.

What are the limitations of fog harvesting?

Limited effectiveness in dry areas, dependent on specific weather conditions, not profitable for large companies.

What is cloud seeding?

A technique to enhance precipitation by introducing substances like silver iodide into clouds.

What are the benefits of cloud seeding?

Increases precipitation, improves water security, can benefit recreational snow activities.

What are the drawbacks of cloud seeding?

High costs, potential adverse effects on natural rainfall distribution, environmental concerns.

What is desalination?

The process of removing salt from seawater, primarily through thermal or reverse osmosis methods.

What are the benefits of desalination?

Provides stable drinking water and helps address water scarcity.

What are the downsides of desalination?

Energy-intensive, high cost, and environmental impact due to brine disposal.

What is the water cycle?

The continuous process of water movement through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.

Define condensation.

The transformation of a gas into a liquid.

Define evaporation.

The process of changing a liquid into a gas.

What is infiltration?

The movement of water through soil, moving downward.

What is percolation?

The filtration of water through soil and porous rocks.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

What is surface runoff?

Water that flows over the Earth's surface, such as in rivers and streams.

What is transpiration?

The process where water vapor is released from plant leaves into the atmosphere.

What is vapor?

A substance in the gaseous state.

What factors affect global water flows?

Latitude, altitude, topography, location, and climate change.

What is a water catchment?

An area where water runoff is collected by the natural landscape.

What is globalization?

The process of free flow of ideas, goods, services, and capital leading to integrated economies and societies.

What are some personal connections to place?

Community ties, spirituality, family relationships, emotional connections to nature.

How do global connections manifest personally?

Through travel, overseas family, global products, technology use.

What are some benefits of information technology?

Efficiency in operations, enhanced communication, better access to research, increased productivity.

What are some cons of information technology?

Privacy concerns, potential for addiction, decreased real-life social interaction, costs involved.

How does climate change impact water resources?

Alters precipitation patterns, increases evaporation rates, and affects water availability.

What is brine, and why is it a concern in desalination?

Hyper-salty water produced during desalination, which can harm marine life if released into oceans.

What role does groundwater play in ecosystems?

Provides essential moisture for plants and supports aquatic habitats.

How does stormwater management contribute to sustainability?

Helps prevent flooding, reduces pollution, and promotes groundwater recharge.