10.3, 10.4, 10.5

Germanic Invaders

\-overran western 1/2 of Roman Empire

Effects of germanic invaders

\-trade disruption

\-downfall of cities

\-population shifts

\-decline of learning

\-loss of common language

Gaul

\-Franks

\-strongest part of Roman Empire

\-took over modern day France, after Clovis died

Clovis

\-brought Christianity

\-united the Franks

Benedict

\-Italian monk

\-wrote strict rules for monastaries

\-became a model for manyb religious communities in West Europe

monastaries

\-used for education, museums, and libraries

Gregory

\-Rome’s head of church

\-broadened papacy and made it secular

\-strengthened Christianity

Charles Martel

\-#1 power holder in Frankish kingdom

\-defeated Muslim raiders

Pepin

\-son of Charles Martel

\-took over after his death

\-began Carolingian Dynasty

Charlemagne

\-took over after Pepin’s death

\-admirable, manly appearance and character

\-doubled size of Frankish realm

\-became most powerful Empire

\-limited noble’s power

\-encouraged learning

\-feudalism after death

Vikings

\-raided villages and monasteries

\-most feared fighters

feudalism

\-agreement between lord and a vassal

\-rights and obligations

\-

Lord

\-landowner

Vassal

\-person who receives land from lord

fief

\-land given in exchange for vassal to help lord in battle

Three groups of feudalism

knights/ nobles, prayers, peasants

knights

fighters

serfs

\-peasants who were not free to move

\-tied to the land of their lord

manor

\-lord’s land

\-center of economic life

significance of manors

\-lord gave peasants land, home, and protection

\-lord controlled land while peasants worked it

job of peasants in manor

\-given land, home and protection

\-work the manor land

\-pay a tax

tithe

\-1/10 of peasant’s income which must be payed to village priest after all taxes are payed

main duty of knights

\-fight for control of land

tournament

\-where knights battled in order to gain experience

literature of chivalry

\-most glorified castle life

\-centered on code of chivalry

\-often in form of song and poem

troubadors

\-poet-musicians at castles and courts of Europe

\-sung about joys and sorrows of romantic love

saddles

\-invented to keep knights on their horse

feudal leaders

\-raised private armies

\-rewarded with fiefs

chivalry

\-complex ideals for knights (loyalty)

Roles of Noblewomen

\-can rarely inherit estate from husband

\-send knights to war

\-can serve as military commander and warrior while husband is away

\-defend castle

\-typically powerless

Roles of Peasant Women

\-endless labor in home+fields

\-young girls learned home skills

\-poor and powerless

\-essential economic contribution

how were jews integrated in medieval town life?

\-placed outside of town and off from rest of citizens

\-land is transferred to them on condition that they pay annually

\-given a place to dwell near the harbor

\-buy and sell as they please

what roles did jews play economically?

\-used resources wisely

\-very talented in integrating into the economy

Feudalism in Western

\-couldn’t sustain centralized political organization

\-couldn’t reconstruct

\-couldn’t organize, afford, or agree

\-warrior ethic persisted

\-contractual ideas

\-feudal loyalties

\-alliances

\-explicit assurances

\-clearest ongoing part of feudalism was parliamentary

Feudalism in Japan

\-bureaucratic development with Confucianism

\-centralized administration

\-couldn’t be established

\-group and individual loyalties

\-not contractual

\-left problems with controlling Samurai

\-less institutionalized group consciousness

\-encouraged individuals to function as part of decision making teams

Similarities between Western and Japan Feudalism

\-highly militaristic

\-internal warfare