10.3, 10.4, 10.5

Germanic Invaders

Germanic Invaders

-overran western 1/2 of Roman Empire

Effects of germanic invaders

-trade disruption

-downfall of cities

-population shifts

-decline of learning

-loss of common language

Gaul

-Franks

-strongest part of Roman Empire

-took over modern day France, after Clovis died

Clovis

-brought Christianity

-united the Franks

Benedict

-Italian monk

-wrote strict rules for monastaries

-became a model for manyb religious communities in West Europe

monastaries

-used for education, museums, and libraries

Gregory

-Rome’s head of church

-broadened papacy and made it secular

-strengthened Christianity

Charles Martel

-#1 power holder in Frankish kingdom

-defeated Muslim raiders

Pepin

-son of Charles Martel

-took over after his death

-began Carolingian Dynasty

Charlemagne

-took over after Pepin’s death

-admirable, manly appearance and character

-doubled size of Frankish realm

-became most powerful Empire

-limited noble’s power

-encouraged learning

-feudalism after death

Vikings

-raided villages and monasteries

-most feared fighters

feudalism

-agreement between lord and a vassal

-rights and obligations

-

Lord

-landowner

Vassal

-person who receives land from lord

fief

-land given in exchange for vassal to help lord in battle

Three groups of feudalism

knights/ nobles, prayers, peasants

knights

fighters

serfs

-peasants who were not free to move

-tied to the land of their lord

manor

-lord’s land

-center of economic life

significance of manors

-lord gave peasants land, home, and protection

-lord controlled land while peasants worked it

job of peasants in manor

-given land, home and protection

-work the manor land

-pay a tax

tithe

-1/10 of peasant’s income which must be payed to village priest after all taxes are payed

main duty of knights

-fight for control of land

tournament

-where knights battled in order to gain experience

literature of chivalry

-most glorified castle life

-centered on code of chivalry

-often in form of song and poem

troubadors

-poet-musicians at castles and courts of Europe

-sung about joys and sorrows of romantic love

saddles

-invented to keep knights on their horse

feudal leaders

-raised private armies

-rewarded with fiefs

chivalry

-complex ideals for knights (loyalty)

Roles of Noblewomen

-can rarely inherit estate from husband

-send knights to war

-can serve as military commander and warrior while husband is away

-defend castle

-typically powerless

Roles of Peasant Women

-endless labor in home+fields

-young girls learned home skills

-poor and powerless

-essential economic contribution

how were jews integrated in medieval town life?

-placed outside of town and off from rest of citizens

-land is transferred to them on condition that they pay annually

-given a place to dwell near the harbor

-buy and sell as they please

what roles did jews play economically?

-used resources wisely

-very talented in integrating into the economy

Feudalism in Western

-couldn’t sustain centralized political organization

-couldn’t reconstruct

-couldn’t organize, afford, or agree

-warrior ethic persisted

-contractual ideas

-feudal loyalties

-alliances

-explicit assurances

-clearest ongoing part of feudalism was parliamentary

Feudalism in Japan

-bureaucratic development with Confucianism

-centralized administration

-couldn’t be established

-group and individual loyalties

-not contractual

-left problems with controlling Samurai

-less institutionalized group consciousness

-encouraged individuals to function as part of decision making teams

Similarities between Western and Japan Feudalism

-highly militaristic

-internal warfare