Mink Final Semester 2

Thank you Niccolo amazing images!

Incisors

Incisors are sharp, flat-edged teeth located at the front of the mouth. They are used for cutting and biting into food.

Canine

Canines, also known as cuspids, are the pointed teeth located on either side of the incisors. They are used for tearing and grasping food.

Carnassial

Carnassial teeth are specialized molars found in carnivorous animals, such as minks. They have sharp, shearing edges that are used for slicing and shearing meat.

Mouth

The mouth is the opening where food enters the digestive system. It contains the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands. The mouth plays a vital role in chewing and beginning the process of digestion through saliva production.

If you need a picture for this just drop the class tbh (just kidding)

Pharynx

The pharynx is a muscular tube located behind the mouth and nasal cavity. It serves as a passageway for both food and air, directing food into the esophagus and air into the larynx and trachea.

Larynx

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is located at the upper part of the trachea. It contains the vocal cords and plays a crucial role in producing sound and facilitating breathing.

Trachea

The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube connecting the larynx to the bronchial tubes in the lungs. It allows the passage of air during inhalation and exhalation.

Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It carries food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions called peristalsis.

Cardiac Sphincter

The cardiac sphincter, also known as the lower esophageal sphincter, is a circular muscle located at the entrance of the stomach. It prevents stomach acid and partially digested food from flowing back into the esophagus.

Lungs

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The right apical lobe and left apical lobe are the uppermost parts of their respective lungs, while the right cardiac lobe is in the middle of the right lung. The left diaphragmatic lobe and right diaphragmatic lobe are the lowermost parts of the left and right lungs, respectively. The intermediate lobe is a unique lobe found between the right apical and right diaphragmatic lobes in some individuals. Together, these lobes contribute to respiratory functions and gas exchange in the lungs.

Stomach

The stomach is divided into three main regions: pyloric, cardiac, and fundic. The pyloric region contains the pyloric sphincter, regulating the passage of partially digested food to the small intestine. The cardiac region contains the cardiac sphincter, preventing the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. The fundic region is responsible for storing and mixing food with gastric secretions.

Pyloric Sphincter

The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve located at the exit of the stomach, leading to the small intestine. It regulates the flow of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine.

Greater and Lesser curvature

The greater and lesser curvatures are the outer borders or contours of the stomach. The greater curvature is the convex outer curve, while the lesser curvature is the concave inner curve.

Greater and Lesser Omentum

The greater and lesser omentum are folds of connective tissue that hang from the stomach and cover the abdominal organs. They provide support and protection for the organs and also play a role in immune response.

Rugae

Rugae are ridges or folds in the inner lining of the stomach. They allow the stomach to expand and contract as it accommodates food and aids in mechanical digestion.

Thymus

The thymus is a gland located in the chest, near the heart. It plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of certain immune cells called T-cells, which are essential for the immune system's functioning.

Pericardium

The pericardium is a sac-like structure that surrounds and protects the heart. It consists of two layers, the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The pericardium helps prevent friction between the heart and surrounding structures.

Heart

The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It consists of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. The heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps oxygenated blood to the body's tissues.

R & L Auricles

The right and left auricles, also known as atria, are the upper chambers of the heart. They receive blood returning to the heart and transfer it to the ventricles.

R & L Atria

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The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, while the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. Both atria contract to pump blood into the respective ventricles for further circulation.

R & L Ventricles

The right and left ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart. They receive blood from the atria and pump it out to the lungs and body.

Interventricular sulcus

The interventricular sulcus is a groove that separates the left and right ventricles on the outer surface of the heart.

Aortic Arch

The aortic arch is a curved portion of the main artery called the aorta. It bends over the heart and gives rise to branches that supply oxygenated blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs.

Thoracic Aorta

The thoracic aorta is the portion of the aorta located within the chest. It supplies oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues of the thoracic cavity.

Abdominal Aorta

The abdominal aorta is the portion of the aorta located within the abdomen. It supplies oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues of the abdominal region.

Intercostal Arteries

Intercostal arteries are a network of blood vessels that run along the spaces between the ribs. They supply oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues between the ribs.

Brachiocephalic Artery

The brachiocephalic artery is a large artery that branches off from the aortic arch. It supplies oxygenated blood to the right arm and the head and neck region.

Carotid Arteries

The carotid arteries are major blood vessels located in the neck. They supply oxygenated blood to the brain and head.

Subclavian Arteries

The subclavian arteries are large arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the arms, shoulders, and upper back.

Brachial Arteries

The brachial arteries are the major blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the upper arms.

Brachial Veins

The brachial veins are the major veins that drain deoxygenated blood from the upper arms and return it to the heart.

Superior Vena Cava

The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart.

Inferior Vena Cava

The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart.

Jugular veins

The jugular veins are major veins in the neck that drain deoxygenated blood from the head and neck region and return it to the heart. There are both internal and external jugular veins.

Subclavian veins

The subclavian veins are major veins that receive deoxygenated blood from the upper limbs and return it to the heart.

Intercostal veins

Intercostal veins are veins that drain deoxygenated blood from the spaces between the ribs and return it to the heart.

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity. It plays a crucial role in respiration, contracting and relaxing to facilitate inhalation and exhalation.

Falciform ligament

A thin, crescent-shaped ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall, separating the right and left lobes of the liver.

Liver

A large, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen. It plays a vital role in various metabolic processes, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of bile.

Gallbladder

A small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. Its function is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.

Spleen

A soft, purplish organ located on the left side of the abdomen. It serves as part of the immune system, filtering blood, and removing old or damaged red blood cells.

Pancreas

A glandular organ located behind the stomach. It has both endocrine and exocrine functions, producing digestive enzymes to break down food in the small intestine and releasing hormones, such as insulin, to regulate blood sugar levels.

Mesenteries

Sheets of thin, membranous tissue that suspend and support the organs in the abdominal cavity. They provide a pathway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics and also help to hold the organs in place.

Small Intestines

The small intestine is divided into three regions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first part where the majority of digestion takes place, while the jejunum and ileum are primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients.

Villi

Tiny, finger-like projections present in the lining of the small intestine. They increase the surface area for absorption, allowing nutrients to be efficiently taken up by the body.

Duodenum

The initial segment of the small intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach. It plays a crucial role in the breakdown of food through the action of digestive enzymes.

Large Intestines

Also known as the colon, the large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes and the formation of feces.

Celiac Artery

A major branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, stomach, spleen, and other abdominal organs.

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Arises from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the small intestine, cecum, and ascending colon.

Inferior mesenteric artery

Arises from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.

Adrenal Glands

Small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that regulate metabolism, stress response, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure.

Kidneys

The kidneys are bean-shaped organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine. They consist of an outer cortex, an inner medulla, and papilla, which are the small openings where urine is excreted.

Ureters

Thin, muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage.

Renal Arteries

Branches of the abdominal aorta that supply oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

Renal Veins

Veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.

Iliolumbar Arteries

Arteries that supply blood to the muscles and other structures of the lower back.

Iliolumbar veins

Veins that drain blood from the lower back region.

Iliac Arteries

The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs, while the external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery, supplying blood to the lower limbs.

Iliac Veins

Veins that drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs, merging to form the common iliac veins.

Oviducts

Also known as fallopian tubes, they are thin tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They provide a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus.

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs (ova) and female sex hormones.

Ovarian Vein

Veins that drain blood from the ovaries and transport it back to the inferior vena cava.

Ovarian Artery

Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the ovaries.

Horn of Uterus

The upper, wider part of the uterus where the fallopian tubes attach.

Body of Uterus

The main portion of the uterus where fertilized eggs implant and a fetus develops during pregnancy.

Urinary bladder

A hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvis that stores urine until it is excreted through the urethra.

Urethra

A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for elimination.

Vas Deferens

Tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra during ejaculation.

Glans Penis

The rounded tip of the penis, which is highly sensitive to stimulation.

Testis

Male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones.

Epididymis

A coiled tube located on the back of each testis, where sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation.

Adrenolumbar veins

Veins that drain blood from the adrenal glands and surrounding structures.

Adrenolumbar Arteries

Arteries that supply blood to the adrenal glands and surrounding structures.

Ribs

Curved bones forming the skeletal framework of the chest, protecting the internal organs, such as the heart and lungs.