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Photosynthesis
The process carried out by plants in order to produce food.
The chemical equation for photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide (6xCO2) + Water (6xH2O) → Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6xO2)
The place where photosynthesis occurs
Photosynthesis occurs on the leaves of a plant
the two other things necessary for photosynthesis
Sunlight and Chlorophyll.
purpose of roots?
Roots anchor the plant and also help the plant to obtain water and minerals.
structure of the roots
A main root, lateral roots, root hairs
purpose of root hairs
to maximise surface area to collect more water and minerals.
structure of the stem
The conducting tissue
Conducting tissue
Xylem and Phloem.
Xylem
Transports water and minerals, only goes upwards
Phloem
The Phloem transports nutrients like Glucose (translocation) in any direction
Purpose of the stem
Hold up the plant and transport nutrients around the plant
purpose of leaves
Collecting water, producing food, transpiration
structure of leaves
Guard cells, stomata, an epidermis, a cuticle, conducting tissue, and the Mesopyll; including the spongy mesopyll and palacade mesophyll.
Stomata and guard cell
Openings at the bottom of the plant allow for the release of water and the exchange of gases.
Epidermis
Absorbs sunlight with chlorophyll
Mesophyll layer
The Palacade mesophyll and the spongy mesophyll. The Palacade Mesophyll is where photosynthesis occurs, while the Spongy Mesophyll has gaps to allow for the movement of gases around the leaf.
Cuticle
A waxy, thin layer at the top of the leaf that prevents foreign substances from entering the leaf.
Biotic factors
Things that are living or once living
Abiotic factors
Things that are non-living
Producers
Organisms that create food with photosynthesis.
Consumers
Organisms that rely on other organisms for its food.
Predators
An animal that hunts for its food.
Prey
An animal hunted by other animals for food.
Detritivores/Scavengers
Organisms that feed on dead material.
Decomposers
Organisms that break down organic material
Herbivores
Animals that only eat plants.
Carnivores
Animals that only eat meat (other animals)
Omnivores
Animals that eat both plants and animals
5 trophic levels.
Producers, Primary consumers, Secondary Consumers, Tertiary Consumers, Apex predators
Food Chains
Show the direction of energy flow in an ecosystem.
Food webs
Multiple food chains that represent an ecosystem
Biomass
Biomass is the dry mass of the organisms at a trophic level. More biomass is required at the bottom level to support the top level.
The ways the periodic table is seperated.
Groups, periods and families.
Order of the Periodic table
Increasing atomic number
An element from the periodic table has…
A name, a chemical symbol, an atomic number, and an atomic weight.
Elements
A sample of matter containing only one type of atom.
Metals
Elements that conduct heat and electricity. They are generally solid, Malleable, Shiny, and Ductile, and have a high melting point.
Non-Metals
Elements that don’t conduct heat or electricity. They can easily melt and can easily turn into liquids. They are brittle, often coloured, and look dull and glassy.
Metalloids
Share properties with both metals and non-metals.
Atoms
Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, Mostly space
Compounds
Compounds contain two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.
Molecules
Molecules contain two or more atoms that are chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.
The three types of particles in an atom
Protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Protons and Neutrons
They are the same size and are both found in the nucleus.
Electrons
2000 times smaller than protons and neutrons, spinning around in constantly changing paths called orbits
Name the electric charges of subatomic particles
Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have a neutral charge, and electrons have a negative charge.
The reason why the electron orbits the nucleus
They have an electrical attraction
Do neutral atoms have the same amount of protons and electrons
Yes, so there is no electrical charge
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