Patient Interactions and History Taking Study Guide

physiological needs

food, sleep, shelter, water

True or false: Each level of needs must be satisfied before one can proceed to the next level

false

True or false: It is uncommon to move up and down the various levels of the

hierarchy and is uncommon to be at different levels in different role

false

True or false: Illness or trauma may cause the patient to behave out of character

true

Compare and contrast inpatients and outpatient

Inpatient: •Patient who has been admitted to the hospital

Outpatient: •Patient who has come to the hospital or imaging center but does not occupy a bed.

How is a patient identified?

patient name and date of birth

What does the acronym, “AIDET” stand for?

Acknowledge - Show a positive attitude. Put patient and family at ease

Introduce - Name and role or title

Duration - How long the exam will take

Explanation - What will be done and why

Thank You - Thank you. Manage up (Certification/licensure, years of experience, number of exams, or special training)

What does it mean to, “Manage up?

hype up the next person they are going to see

How would you answer the question, “What did you see on my x-rays?” Why is it

important for you to answer the way that you did?

I cannot legally disclose that information to you. Your physician should call you with the results in 24-48 hours.

Answering in any other way can be classified as practicing medicine without a license.

Describe the communication process.

Sender-begins communicating by sending a message

Message-includes verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal-use of spoken (or written) words to convey thoughts ideas or emotions. Nonverbal-silent communication that includes kinesics, haptics, silence, paralanguage, chronemics, proxemics, and personal appearance

Receiver-gets the message and responds in some way, either verbally, nonverbally, or both

Feedback-response sent from the receiver to the sender

What are the two forms of verbal communications that should be considered when

communicating with patients?

•Speech and Grammar

•Humor

Discuss the types of verbal communication.

–Speech and Grammar- Choose vocabulary, clarity of voice, and organization of sentences that are appropriate for the patient’s level of understanding. Should be face to face if possible

–Humor - Acceptable when used appropriately. Avoid cultural slurs and references to age, sex, diseases, and the abilities of healthcare professionals. Patients may use self-deprecating humor about their own disabilities or fears, however this does not give the technologist the permission to do so

Discuss the types of nonverbal communication.

–Paralanguage - The music of language; nonlexical component of speech. Pitch, stress, tone, pauses, speech rate, volume, accent, and quality of voice

–Body Language and Facial Expressions - Position of the speaker’s extremities and torso. Eye contact, smiling, etc.

–Touch

•Three types:

1.Touching for emotional support

»Pat on the back

2.Touching for emphasis

»Gentle pressure to the left shoulder to guide the patient to turn to the left

3.Touching for palpation

Describe the different types of touch and give an example.

1.Touching for emotional support

»Pat on the back

2.Touching for emphasis

»Gentle pressure to the left shoulder to guide the patient to turn to the left

3.Touching for palpation

What is important when interacting with seriously ill or traumatized patients?

–Work quickly and efficiently while continuing to communicate with the patient

What is important when working with visually impaired patients?

–Gain patient’s confidence immediately by giving clear instructions prior to the exam

What is important when working with speech- and hearing-impaired patients?

–Utilize writing as a means of communication if the patient can read

What is important when working with non-English-speaking patients?

–Use hospital approved interpreter

What is important when working with mentally impaired patients?

–Use strong yet reassuring tone of voice

What is important when working with substance abusers?

–Work efficiently to decrease total exam time

What is important when working with pediatric patients?

use simple words and facial expression to communicate

What’s important when working with adolescent patients?

allow privacy and keep them covered up

What’s important when working with geriatric patients?

allow extra time for movement and handle gently

What are the three classifications of geriatric patients?

•Young-old 65-74

•Old-old-75-84

•Oldest-old-85 and older

Differentiated between primary and secondary aging?

•Primary aging- gradual and inevitable process of deterioration

•Secondary aging- disease, abuse, and disuse often within the control  of the patient

In order, what are the five stages of grief?

–D enial- support by silence

–A anger- address complaints and take care to avoid situations such as long wait times that might increase patient’s anger

–B argaining- support by patient’s beliefs

–D epression- touch and silence are appropriate

–A cceptance-

Describe each type of awareness pertaining to persons with terminal illnesses

–Closed Awareness

•Patients not told of their condition

–Suspicious Awareness

•Patients watch for clues regarding their condition, but don’t let staff or family know how much they understand

–Mutual Pretense

•Everyone aware of the condition but pretend not to know to avoid interpersonal conflicts

–Open Awareness

•Everyone is aware of condition and work through the stages together

What is an advanced directive?

•Means to direct own health care if found in a situation in which unable to make own decisions

What is the radiologic technologist’s role in obtaining a clinical history?

•Obtain a clinical history to relay to the radiologist

What are the desirable qualities of a good patient interviewer?

respect, genuinely, empathy

Differentiate objective from subjective data

•Objective data- perceptible to the senses of the clinician (vital signs, lab results, etc.)

•Subjective data- perceptible only by the affected individual

True or false: Open-ended questions should be avoided when collecting a patient

history

false

True or false: Leading questions are an effective means of questioning

false

List and describe the major elements of a clinical history

–Chief Complaint

•Localization

•Chronology

•Quality

•Severity

•Onset

•Aggravating or Alleviating Factors

•Associated Manifestations

safety needs

safe neighborhood, financial stability

love and belonging needs

relationships

esteem needs

sense of worth and self respect

cognitive needs

learning new skills

aesthetic needs

crow brain wants. Art and music

self-actualization

having everything in each category and being satisfied with your life