SLHS 409 exam 1 neuroscience methods

gene therapy

common for stuttering, apraxia, and autism to replace gene structure using dna

neuroanatomy

study of structure and organization of nervous system

cell staining

golgi vs nissil vs weigert

golgi stain

small proprtion of whole cells in tissue including axons and dendrites

nissil stains

only shows the cell bodies without any processes

RNA in cell bodies

weigert stains

tree/bush like

immunolabeling

label with fluorescent dye on antibodies and it targets endogenous proteins or other molecules using tracers

electron microscopy

how neurons are shaped and connected

MRI

signal contrast to different tissues and nuclei on the basis of magentic properties

noninvasive

expensive

huge magentic field which changes the orientation of water molecules in brain

very loud

1970s

anatomical MRI

how water properties return to baseline alignment after being excited by radio waves

T1 relaxation

BOLD functional MRI

blood oxygen level dependent

contrast regions with more or less deoxygenated blood

short enough for trial/event related things

can be paired with anatomical mri for accurate localization of structures

can be dangerous - magnetic

SPECT

single photon emission computed tomography

radiosotope binds up in tissue and emits gammar ays and is detected by camera for 3d image

PET

radioactive tracr into blood and see where it goes

half life shorter than spect

nearinfared image

affordable

portable

action potential

single neuron through path clamp

local field potential

neuronal populations through invasive electrode

electroencephalogram

EEG

noninvasive electrode

EEG

electrical waveforms reflect summed dendrite activity from scalp

affordable

oldest

evoked response potentials

avg waveform from 3 different stimulus responses

used with eeg

MEG

megnetic field reflect summed dendrite activity

from scalp using superconducting quantum interference device at super cold temps

quiet

higher tempora resolution

better spations resolution

expenisve due to helium gas

electrocorticography ECoG

electrodes on exposed part of brain straight on cortex

high quality

invasive

extracellular recording

little chip on brain surface

very invasive

brain machine interface

neuroprothesis for speech and motor

functional inactivation

permanat elesions

reversible lesions - cooling of TMS

transcranial magnetic stimulaiton TMS

temporally precise spatially focused

noninvasive

zap specific part of brain