6.2.2 WHAP: Imperialism (India)

1526-1857

Mughal Empire

1757

Battle of Plassey

1857

Sepoy Rebellion

1914-1918

World War I

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Nationalism

A sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals.

The West

A group of highly developed countries; initially consisting of Western Europe (Britain, France, Germany, etc), later including the United States

Spanish Empire

1400s- Late 1900s. Made up of territories and colonies in Europe, Africa, and Asia controlled from Spain. At its strongest, it was one of the biggest empires in world history according to how much land they had, and one of the 1st global empires. Royalty from the Castile and Aragon kingdoms ruled it. Christopher Colombus led the first Spanish exploration trip which led them to colonizing America.

Portuguese Empire

took an early lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry); went East and established trading posts in West Africa, East Africa (Swahili City States) and India for spice trade

British Empire

What is now the United Kingdom and all the territories and colonies under its control; this empire consisted of Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and vast portions of Africa

Indirect Rule

Colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status

Direct Rule

Colonial government in which local elites are removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the mother country

Settlement Colony

Large groups of people from the parent country living together in a new place with the colonized people

Protectorate

A country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country.

Dominion

A nation (such as Canada) allowed to govern its own domestic affairs though technically tied to a mother country

Sphere of Influence

Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Social Darwinism

A description often applied to the late 19th century belief of people such as Herbert Spencer and others who argued that "survival of the fittest" justifies the competition of laissez-faire capitalism and imperialist policies.

White Man's Burden

Idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized

Mughal Empire

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; a minority of Muslims ruled over a majority of Hindus.

British East India Company

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Battle of Plassey

the victory in 1757 by the British under Clive over Siraj-ud-daula that established British supremacy over Bengal

Cultural Divergence

Separation of beliefs in opposite directions; inability of groups to merge culturally

Thomas Babington Macaulay

British administrator who brought new school system, wrote "Minute on Education," stating that Indians need to be educated in the ways of the British Empire.

Sepoy Rebellion

Indian troops rebelled against British rulers due to the use of pig and cow grease on cartridges, which went against their Hindu and Muslim beliefs; Indians lost

British Raj

The name given to the period and territory of direct British colonial rule in South Asia between 1858 and 1947--from the time of the attempted Indian Revolt (Sepoy Mutiny) to the Independence of India.

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.

All-India Muslim League

Political organization founded in India in 1906 to defend the interests of India's Muslim minority. Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it attempted to negotiate with the Indian National Congress. Demanded the partition of a Muslim Pakistan.

Mahatma Gandhi

Great revolutionary who led India to independence from Great Britain through passive resistance and civil disobedience based upon Henry David Thoreau's doctrines.