4 - Attitudes and Behaviours

attitude

positive or negative feelings about things, representing our readiness to react a certain way

the ABC model of attitudes

affective, behavioural, and cognitive

cognitive components of attitude

feelings, behavioural intentions, and beliefs

what is the difference between attitude and opinion?

opinion includes only the cognitive element, which is our belief about something

how do we acquire attitudes?

through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning, and cognitively

job involvement

psychological extent to which someone considers their job and performance level important to self-worth

employee engagement

broad concept referring one’s attitude towards the organization and its values

job performance

actions or behaviours that employees engage in, rather than the products of those action

behaviours

involved in the completion of technical tasks on the job, contributing to the production of a good/service

prosocial behaviours

helping, maintaining positive attitude, keeping others informed, improving operations, being loyal to the company

proactive behaviours

taking charge, personal initiative, and voice

job satisfaction

a person’s evaluation of their job and work context. it is an appraisal of perceived job characteristics, work environment, and experiences at work.

how do we measure job satisfaction?

single global rating and summation of job facets

what causes job satisfaction?

interesting jobs, task variety, independence and control, and social context

job satisfaction and productivity

satisfaction can cause better performance, but high performance doesn’t cause satisfaction

job satisfaction and absenteeism

there is a constant negative relationship between these things

main ways employees reply to dissatisfaction

exit, voice (attempt to change it), loyalty (suffer in silence), or neglect (passive work effort)

organizational commitment

degree which an employee has psychological attachment to an organization

affective commitment

an individuals’s emotional attachment to an organization

normative commitment

the obligation for an individual to stay at an organization for moral reasons

continuance commitment

an individual’s perceived economic value of staying in an organization

employee retention

retention is cheaper than replacement; so to improve this, must know turnover costs