Understanding Religion, Hinduism and Buddhism

According to the textbook, which British-inspired practice(s) did the Brahmo Samaj adopt?

Monotheism and congregational worship

Mystical orientation is when practitioners:

Seek union with the divine

What was the lesson of the Buddhist story, The Mustard Seed?

Death must come to everyone

What is a bodhisattva?

One who forgoes nirvana in order to help others on earth

Why was there a shift to the Upanishadic age?

Ritual was viewed as losing efficacy

During the Vedic period, the most important ritual was:

sacrifice

Which historical figure is viewed by Hindus as an avatar of Vishnu?

Ramakrishna

What is anatman?

No self; no soul

When was Buddhism founded?

5th century BCE

Ganesha represents:

Abundance; success

What is puja?

Devotional ritual worship

The Rig Veda:

includes the origins of the universe, is the oldest Vedic text

and is the most important Vedic text all of the above

Which scholar argued that religion is an analytical category of our own design?

Jonathan Z. Smith

What do people do during Divali?

Clean their houses and light candles or lanterns

What is zazen?

Sitting meditation in Zen Buddhism

What is artha?

Attaining economic security and power

Mohandas Gandhi is known for:

His practice of ahimsa

Nandi is which god's companion?

Shiva

What is the Fire Sermon?

The passionate plea by the Buddha to his followers, asking them to listen to his teachings

Why are traditional gender norms in religion currently being challenged?

We are learning more about the world through the internet and other technologies

What was the Buddha's dying message?

Take refuge in yourself

Atman is:

Divine reality (Brahman) in oneself

In the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna is instructed to:

Fight in war as part of his duty as a warrior

Who are twice-born?

Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishya

Sacramental orientation of religious practice refers to:

Carrying out rituals regularly and correctly

Which king was responsible for the early spread of Buddhism?

Ashoka

During the Ghost Festival, the living:

give offerings to the dead to alleviate their suffering while in hell, watch plays and listen to stories about hell realms and give food and money to monks who are expected to help their ancestors

What yoga do the majority of Hindus practice?

Bhakti

What is karma?

Moral laws of cause and effect

What are the Lotus Sutras?

Mahayana parables to show that all people have Buddha nature and therefore can become Buddhas

What is samadhi?

When in a state of deep meditation, an individual loses the sense of being separate from the universe

The Chipko movement is known for:

Fighting deforestation and protecting trees

A Tibetan spiritual leader is called a:

Lama

Western iterations of Buddhism tend to embrace:

Zen design and meditation

What is darshan?

The process where you are looking at a guru and they are looking at you

The axis mundi refers to:

The umbilical cord to the spiritual realm

The god of fire is named:

Agni

Chanda is:

Good desire

What is shunyata?

The concept that everything is empty of a permanent essence, like clouds that disappear and reappear

What is engaged Buddhism?

A Buddhism that works toward social betterment in the world

What practices are part of bhakti yoga?

Chanting, singing, food offerings

Who is Maitreya?

The future Buddha of a golden age who is often depicted as fat and laughing

Buddhist hell realms are:

Elaborate and filled with torture

What is 'positive' orientalism?

The fantasizing and idealizing of Asian cultures, including religion

The "family resemblance" definition of religion means that:

Religions can share similar traits without all traits needing to be present

What is the bardo?

An intermediate state between death and rebirth

Tenjur texts are:

Tibetan commentaries on scriptures and medicine

In Buddhism, the dharma (or dhamma) is:

The total sum of the Buddha's teachings, showing us how to view the world and live properly

Shiva is the god of:

Destruction

The phenomenological approach to religion:

Treats the sacred as a universal fact

Karl Marx argued that religion:

Both enabled oppression and gave respite to the working poor

How do monks obtain food?

By begging/donations

Shingon is a Buddhist school of thought that centers on:

Chanting, ceremonial fire, and mandalas

Hanuman is:

A monkey god devoted to Rama

What offerings were given to the gods during the Vedic period?

Milk, ghee, and grains

What is a stupa?

A large mound commemorating a person or place

Tantric Buddhism:

rejects negative attitudes toward bodily pleasure, opposes the idea that one should be detached from the world and sometimes includes the drinking of alcohol in ritual

What is a bhikkuni?

A fully ordained female monk

Dualism is:

The idea that the material world of nature exists in opposition to the nonmaterial world of spirit

Om is:

The sound of creation