Metabolism (condensation)

Disaccharides

2 monosaccarides joined by a glycosidic bond via condensation reaction.

What are common disaccarides?

Maltose, lactose and sucrose

What makes up maltose

glucose + glucose

what makes up lactose

Glucose + galactose

What makes up sucrose

glucose + fructose

What are polysaccharides

3 or more monosaccarides. Long chains linked by glycosidic bonds, chains can be branched or unbranched (straight)

Examples of Polysaccharides

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

What is an unbranched bond like

1 and 4

What is a branches bond like

1,6 (branched polysaccharides likely have both 1,4 and 1,6)

Cellulose

beta d glucose 1,4. straight alternating chain, hydrogen bonds link them together to form bundles of microfibrils, has a high tensile strength

Why does cellulose have high tensile strength

because of the 1,4 alternating bonds. They squish and create a dense substance which helps prevent cells from bursting as well as providing a structure in plants.

What are two types of starch?

amylose and amylopectin

amylose is

straight 1,4

amylopectin is

1,6 and 1,4 branched and more globular

Starch is

linked by alpha d glucose

all glucose can be

orientated in some way

starch is made by

plants

Glycogen helps

store glucose in animals

What is glycogen made from

glucoses

Is glycogen branched or unbranched

branched 1,4 and 1,6

What are some characteristics of glycogen?

The molecule is compact and it good energy storage

what is chitin

a fungi, and it has nitrogen

Benefits of carbohydrates

good short term energy, contain both soluble and insoluble, instant energy

Carbohydrates per gram?

4.3 kCal per gram