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representative (house member) - length of term + # per state
2 years
1 for every 30k people
senators - length of term + #per state
6 years
2 per state
who elects members of house?
the people (435 officials total)
electing of senators (before 1913)
state legislature
electing of senators (after 1913)
the people (election)
house members qualifications
at least 25 yrs old
lived in US for 7+ yrs
residence in state they represent
senators qualification
at least 30 yrs old
lived in US for 9+ years
residence in state they rep
special privilege of congress members (when in session)
legislative immunity (cannot be arrested)
stops fake arrests for political gain
bills originate from which house?
house of representatives
introduced by chamber of people who represent that need
two ways the president can veto
veto
pocket veto
veto
president dosent sign a bill
congress can overide with 2/3 majority
pocket veto
president will pocket (hide) the bill until congress adjures
within 10 days
requirement to overide presidential veto
2/3 majority (both house and senate)
checks and balances
make sure no branch has too much power
legislative branch
senate + house
write and pass laws/bills
executive branch
president + cabinet
enforces laws
judicial branch
US court system
interpret laws and punish those who break them
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
approve treaties
legislative
executive (president)
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
declare war
legislative
president (is in charge)
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
propose amendments
legislative
judicial
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
raise/regulate militia
legislative
executive
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
regulate trade/commerce
legislative
executive
who does it? 2.who is it a check on?
set up federal courts
legislative
judicial
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
appoint judges
president
judicial and senate (legislative)
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
grant pardons
president
judicial
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
make international treaties
president
legislative
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
veto bills
president
judicial
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
declare executive orders unconstitutional
judicial
executive
who does it? 2. who is it a check on?
declare laws unconstitutional
judicial
legislative
elastic clause
allows constitution to stretch when needed
double jeopardy
cannot be tried twice for the same crime
habeas corpus
suspects cant be detained for long period of time unless charged with crime
bill of attainder
punishes a a person/ and or group without trial
ex post facto
punishes people for doing something legal before it was legal
ex. smoking marijuana before it was legalised
method of electing president (and vice president)
electoral college
electoral college definition
each state has a certain amount of elector depending on the population
larger pop. = more electors = more influence
270/538
amount of electors needed to win presidential election
qualification for president
at least 35 yrs old
born citizen
residence in USA for 14+ years
supreme court
highest court of the judicial branch
has the final say in a law
appellate jurisdiction
reviewing the outcome of a previous trial
original jurisdiction
the first time a trial or hearing has been conducted
length of a term for federal jugde (supreme
1st amendment
freedom of
P - press
A - assembly
P - petitions
E - expression
R - religion
S - speech
2nd amendment
right to bear arms
protection and liberty
provide national security
the right to join militia
3rd amendment
no quartering
government cannot force someone to quarter troops in their home
4th amendment
no unreasonable search and seizures
warrant needed
5th amendment
right to be silent
protection from self incrimination
6th amendment
6 freedoms:
right to speedy public
right to a lawyer
right to impartial jury
right to know of ur accusation
right to know the witnesses
right to present own witnesses
7th amendment
the eighth to a jury evening civil cases
judge cannot overturn jury verdict
8th amendment
protection from cruel and unusual punishment
plus excessive bail
9th amendment
your eights go beyond what is written out in the constitution
10th amendment
anything the federal gov does not control, the states control
bill of rights
first 10 amendments of the constitution
full faith and credit
states (and government) trust that individual states will enforce state laws/deal with acts
privileges and immunities clause
state cannot discriminate against people from other states
who sets up lower courts (all besides supreme)
congress
government guarantees:
republican nation
federal judges
selected by president
state judges
elected by voters
to be ratified, a constitutional law…
… needs to be ratified by 2/3 of the states (34)
how can an amendment be repealed?
pass another amendment
oath required of all gov. officials
to uphold the constitution
what test is directly forbidden
religion test
the bill of rights protects…
individual liberties and state rights
establishment clause (free exercise)
gov cannot favor religion
gov cannot create religion
peaceful assembly
no violence
ex. club meetings, pto, ect.
who grants copyrights and patents?
congress
protections of the 5th amendment
self incrimination
eminent domain
grand jury
double jeopardy
self incrimination
the right to remain silent (not testify against yourself)
eminent domain
gov cannot take your property without compensating you
grand jury
25-30 citizen jury
double jeopardy
cannot be tried twice for the same crime
requirements for supreme court judge
none
IL public school law
everyone has a right to a free education (K-12)
line item veto
governor can cross out one part of the bill and pass the rest
president cant
where is the bill of rights in the IL constitution?
article 1
qualification to vote in IL
18+ yrs old
born citizen
resident of IL
general assembly
legislative branch of IL
Note
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