BT 2: CONCRETE FOUNDATION / COLUMN

Concrete

an artificial stone made out from the mixture of CEMENT, SAND, GRAVEL, WATER

Reinforced Concrete

concrete in which reinforcement is embedded in such a manner that the TWO MATERIALS act together in resisting forces

Aggregate

it is an inert GRANULAR MATERIAL such as sand, round or crushed gravel, etc.

Fine Aggregate

the materials smaller than 9 mm in diameter

Course Aggregate

the materials over 9 mm in diameter

Class "AA"

Mixture of Concrete: 1 : 1 ½ : 3

Class "A"

Mixture of Concrete: 1:2:4

Class "B"

Mixture of Concrete: 1:2 ½:5

Class "C"

Mixture of Concrete: 1:3:6

Curing

it is the HARDENING OF CONCRETE which requires time, favorable temperature, and continuous presence of water or moisture in concrete after pouring.

Backhoe

an EXCAVATING MACHINE for CUTTING TRENCHES

a boom-mounted bucket moves toward the machine, cutting the ground like hoe, then the machines turn away from the cut to permit the operator to dump the spoil.

Batch Box

a CONTAINER of known VOLUME used to measure and mixed the constituents of a BATCH OF CONCRETE, plaster or mortar, to ensure proper proportions

Backfill

SOIL which is REPLACED in an area that has been EXCAVACATED previously.

Grout

it contains a considerable amount of WATER AND CEMENT

Mortar

mixture of WATER, CEMENT, and, FINE AGGREGATES such as sand.

Class "A" - 1:2

Class "B" - 1:3

Class "C" - 1:4

Class "D" - 1:5

Mortar Mixture

Admixture

material other than WATER, AGGREGATE, LIME or CEMENT used as an INGREDIENT of CONCRETE or mortar, and added to the batch immediately before or during its mixture

Foundation

portion of the STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS that carry or SUPPORT the super structure of the building

Foundation Bed

refers to the soil or rock directly BEANEATH THE FOOTING

Footing

that portion of the foundation which TRANSMITS LOAD DIRECTLY TO THE SOIL

Wall Footing and Column Footing

Two classifications of footings:

Wall Footing

the main reinforcements are placed at RIGHT ANGLE PERPENDICULAR to the WALL uniformly spaced with each other and longitudinal reinforcement parallel with the wall.

Isolated Footing

a SINGLE spread footing supporting FREESTANDING COLUMN or pier.

Combined Footing

a footing which supports MORE THAN ONE COLUMN load.

Honeycomb

VOIDS left in the concrete owing to the FAILURE OF THE MORTAR to FILL effectively the space among coarse aggregate particles

Spacer

a PIECE OF CONCRETE which holds or support steel reinforcement in its proper position, or which holds structural forms at a given DISTANCE APART before and during concreting.

Post

refers to a PIECE OF TIMBER of either cylindrical square or other geometrical cross section placed VERTICALLY to support a building

Column

- it is a relatively LONG SLENDER STRUCTURAL COMPRESSION member

- a VERTICAL structure supporting a load which acts in (or near) the direction of its LONGITUDINAL AXIS

Tied Column

It has REINFORCEMENT consisting of vertical or longitudinal bars held in position by LATERAL TIES

Spiral Column

it is where a circular concrete core is enclosed by SPIRAL TIES with vertical or longitudinal bars.

40 kg

Size of measuring box for a ______ cement is 300mm x 300mm x 300mm.

50 kg

Size of measuring box for a _______ cement is 320 mm x 320 mm x 320 mm

16 GI wire

Size of WIRE to attach or connect STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Tie Bars or Lateral Bars

a deformed BAR used as TIE to HOLD VERTICAL REINFORCEMENTS of columns in place.

Splice

to CONNECT two similar members, usually in a straight line by FASTENING LAPPED ENDS by means of mechanical end connectors ( welding or by GI wire connection)

Dowel

short reinforcing bars of steel which extend approximately equally into TWO ABUTTING PEIECE OF CONCRETE (to increase the strength of the joints)