Quebec History sec 3 (1608 - 1760s) Sec 3-4

what were the 2 ways the indigenous ppl lived

nomadic and sedentary

What are the 3 main linguistic groups.

Eskimo-Aleut, Algonquain, Iroquoian

The Inuit: (5)

lived in harsh arctic climate

fished and hunted

NOMADIC

moved around by sleds and kayaks

built igloos in the winter and tents in the summer

The Algonquians: (5)

-mostly forest, bad for farming but good for hunting

-mostly nomadic

-moved around in temporary camps

-lived in wigwams

-travelled in birch-bark canoes

The Iroquois (4)

semi-sedentary people (moved every 10-15yrs)

lived in St Lawrence valley

mostly did farming

lived in long houses

Native trade networks

-no money was exchanged

-trading system was based on BARTER

-barter took place over a vast territory

-intermediaries (middle men) brought good from nations far apart

-waterways were the 'highways'

social organization: patrilineal

-Economy is based on exploitation of resources

-men do most economic activities

-men play important role in managing households

-women do most agricultural work

social organization:matrilineal

-men spend most of their time hunting

-women play important role in managing agriculture

true or false: there was no private ownership of land/water/environment (chapter 1, Natives social Org.)

true

What is animism?

the belief that everything has a spirit

what is the circle of life?

everything is connected and interdependent

What is oral tradition?

stories passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth

who are shamans?

spiritual leaders

how were decisions made by the natives?

by councils

who was in the native councils?

chiefs and elders

When was the "Age of Discovery"?

16th-17th centuries

What is colonialism?

A colony is a territory under the full control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country. The purpose of the colony is to serve the MOTHER COUNTRY.

What were the 2 ways to control territory?

trading post and settlement colonies

what happened during the cap rouge settlement?

Ships arrive with 700 people and some cattle

settlement fails bc of the cold and lack of food

what did the private chartered companies have to do in order to have a monopoly on the fur trade?

had to settle ppl on the territory

what happened in 1608?

Samuel de Champlain founded New France

allied nations become_ between French and Nations further north

Middlemen

how did the French start to take over territory in the early 1600's?

established seigneurial systems, tried to convert them through Catholicism,created trading posts and settler colonies

when does France officially take over the territory?

1663

When was the peace treaty signed to stop conflict with Iroquois?

1701

French settlers begin to call themselves

''Les Canadiens"

when was "the fall of New France"?

1759

What is mercantilism?

the amount wealth a country had determined the amount of

power it had

The companies were interested in NOT in bringing in colonists from France.

Making money

The fur trade system in the 18th century

-Natives in the North: hunt animals and process pelts

-Natives allied with French: Act as intermediaries and bring furs to trading posts (Huron-Wendat's, Innu, Algonquin)

-Merchants: take furs back to France to be sold

what are the Hurons and Iroquois fighting over?

control of the fur trade

by 1650 are defeated and is destroyed

hurons, huronia

who replaces the Huron after 1650?

the coureurs de bois

what happened in 1642?

a religious group settled Ville-Marie (Montreal)

What was the religious group that settled Ville-Marie called?

"Société de Notre-Dame de Montreal pour la conversion des Sauvages de la Nouvelle-France"

Who were the Carignan-Salieres Regiment

soldiers sent from France to fight the Iroquois

What happens in 1663?

ROYAL GOVERNMENT

What is absolutism?

the idea that kings have all the powerand rule because they have a "divine" right given by God)

Who is part of the Royal Government?

governor, intendant, bishop

What were ways that the royal government encouraged birth rate?

300 livres per year to families who have 10 children who are not priests or clerics

20 livres to boys who marry by the age of 20 and girls who marry by the age of 16

Fines to fathers who do not marry their sons off by the age of 20 and their daughters off by the age of 16

who was part of the triangular trade

New France, French West Indies, and France

Why is the Native population decreasing?

disease, conflict, and wars

⚐1. War of the League of Augsburg—result:no change in territory

⚐2. War of the Spanish Succession—ends with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713—result: France loses Acadia(strategically/militarily important) and Hudson's Bay (best furs)

read

⚐3. War of the Austrian Succession— result: French lose Louisbourg (best fishing) at first but get it back. No change of territory

Issues that led to the war of conquest (WOF)

wanted control over fur trade, Britain

(13 colonies) wanted more space since they had a larger population, both wanted control over Ohio valley, control over fishing territories.

(WESTERN FUR, OHIO SPACE, FISH in ST. LAWRENCE)

When was the battle on the plains of Abrahams?

1759

Why didn't France win the war of conquest?

New France had:

①A much smaller population

②fewer resources and a less diverse economy

③had to defend a much larger territory

④Not much support from France

⑤Britain had a stronger Navy

When did New France sign the Articles of Capitulation?

1760

Who left during the military regime?

the elites; mostly administrators, military officers, rich fur traders, and some seigneurs

Britain and France sign the Treaty of Paris in…

…1763

Changes to the Territory in 1763

①New France was now called the Province of Quebec.

②The land reduced to a small area

③The territory WEST of Quebec named "Indian" territories and no settlement was allowed there ④The seigniorial system of land distribution replaced with the British township system

Why did the British give land to the indigenous ppl (Indian land)?

want to avoid conflict with remaining indigenous

changes in politics in 1763

British criminal and civil law

military government is replaced by a military government with a governor and council

changes in religion in 1763

test act was created

What was the Test Act?

required all military and civil officials totake an oath to the British King rejecting Catholicism

the 2 parties

French Party

British Party

Pontiac's Rebellion

A 1763 conflict between Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area

1774

Quebec Act

-After 1774 the territory becomes_

-French law was brought back

-test act was replaced by an____ of loyalty to the king

larger

civil

oath