Child and Family Studies II Semester Exam

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/129

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

130 Terms

1
New cards

Perception

learning through senses

2
New cards

Attention span

The length of time a person can concentrate on a task without becoming distracted. A longer attention span allows for more sustained focus and productivity.

3
New cards

concept-

general category of objects and information (objects- food qualities.colors shapes)(abstract ideas: time, beauty symbols)

4
New cards

sensorimotor period

Between birth and 2 years. There are 6 stages in this period. Learn through sense and own actions, neurons establish pathways that enable learning, egocentric

5
New cards

Object Permanence

ability to understand that something continues to exist even when out of sight

6
New cards

Imaginative Play

play by pretending

7
New cards

symbolic thinking

use of words and numbers that stand for ideas

8
New cards

How can caregivers encourage learning?

Caregivers can encourage learning through consistently meeting their child's needs. Give children time and attention, give positive feedback, express your love and read and talk to them even if they are a baby. It is also important to have good communication. 

9
New cards

How do babies communicate before they can talk?

Crying- learn that it gets a response, patterns, and different cries for different needs, Special sounds-babbling, giggles and grunts, Gestures- sign language or hand signals 

10
New cards

Why should caregivers choose toys that are age appropriate?

It is important that caregivers choose toys that are age appropriate because of safety as well as toys that they will understand. You want them to be challenged but not to challenge but you dont want to give them a baby toy either. It is important to have safe toys because some little toys can be safety hazards.

11
New cards

Toddler

from walking(1 year old) until 3 years old

12
New cards

What physical changes take place in an average child as they age from 1 to 3?

Height- slows down by about ½ compared to infants(1-2 years- about 5 inches)(2-3 years- about 2-3 inches), Weight- gain about ½ pound a month (average of 5 lbs a year), Proportions- posture improves(chest grows larger, trunk arms and legs grow, stand straighter lose baby fat), Teeth- 20 primary teeth(1 year old- 8 teeth) (2 year old- 16 teeth)(3 years- 20 teeth)

13
New cards

What are examples of small (fine) motor skills?  Large (gross) motor skills?

Large - climbing stairs

Small- self-feeding with bottle and manipulation with hands

14
New cards

What is a good way to improve large and small skills?

Through phsyical activities as well as arts and arts and crafts. Letting them do big things but also intricate things within reason

15
New cards

How should a parent respond to a child’s fear of the dark?

Acknowledge their fear, comfort, provide night like, use imagination like “monster spray”

16
New cards

What is the most important consideration in planning a meal for a child?

Nutrition

17
New cards

What are some other recommendations for serving a meal to a toddler?

  • Color 

  • Texture 

  • Shape

  • Temperature

  • Ease of Eating

18
New cards

What are some guidelines to help make mealtime more enjoyable for the entire family?

  • Regular Schedule

  • Avoid criticism and praise often

  • sturdy, unbreakable utensils and child-sized

  • Spill-proof cup

  • High chairs 

  • Avoid using bribe

  • Be a good role model of eating habits and table manners

19
New cards

How can children develop good hygiene habits and skills?

  • Have a routine usually at bedtime

  • Have fun and allow playtime

By doing this you are creating lifelong attitudes about hygiene

20
New cards

What are the most important characteristics to look for when buying clothes for a toddler?

  • Comfort(material and size)

  • Fabric(natural fiber vs synthetic(traps moisture))

  • Durability(quality of fabric, fasteners, stitching)

  • Affordability

21
New cards

self centered

think about own needs and wants

22
New cards

negativism

being overly negative

23
New cards

temper tantrum

children release anger or frustration by screaming, crying, kicking, pounding and sometimes holding their breath

24
New cards

separation anxiety

fear of being away from parents or home

25
New cards

empathy

understanding others emotions

26
New cards

self concept

how people see themselves(traits that make someone special)

27
New cards

What can parents do to help decrease negativism in a child?

Offer choices, postive reinforcement, consistency, acknowledge feelings, set clear expectations

28
New cards

How should parents handle a child who is showing signs of sibling rivalry?

Give child individual atttention, be fair, settle conflicts, avoid comparison

29
New cards

Why are routines important for toddlers?

it makes them feel more comfortable because they know what to expect

30
New cards

Parallel Play

children play side by side without interacting, common in toddlers and early preschoolers

31
New cards

Cooperative Play

Chidlren play together, sharing and collaborating, common with oulder preschoolers nad beyong

32
New cards

How can parents help their children develop social skills?

By role-modeling behavior, allowing playdates, teaching empathy

33
New cards

Define discipline/guidance. What is the long term goal of discipline/guidance? 

Dsicpline is about teaching and guiding children to understand and follow rules adn norms and the long tem goal is to develop self discipleine, responsibility adn understanding of appropriate behavior

34
New cards

neuroscience

study of the biological and chemical processes in the brain and nervous systen

35
New cards

intelligence

ability to interpret or understand everyday situationis and use taht experience when faced with new situations or problems

36
New cards

incidental learning

unplanned learning-everyday experiences and cause effect relationships

37
New cards

trial and error learning

trying many solutions before finding the right one

38
New cards

imitation

watching and copying someone else(children imitate actions adn attitudes, advantages and disadvantages 

39
New cards

directed learning

formally or informally instructed, involves an older person pruposefully teaching skills, memory or pneumonic devices

40
New cards

creativity

the ability to generate novel and valuable ideas, solutions, or products. It involves thinking outside the box and making unique connections.

41
New cards

What can parents do to encourage reasoning and curiosity?

Ask open ended questions that encourgage thinking iand exploration, be supportive and model curiosuity

42
New cards

How can parents help with reading and math readiness?

Parents can focus on the excitement of reading and parents can read to children. For math readiness parents can point things out in everyday life. 

43
New cards

How can parents guide their children’s learning?

Help children understand the world around them, give time and attention, maintain positive attitude, encourage children to draw conclusions, explain things with simple language, give choices

44
New cards

What are some normal speech difficulties that toddlers have?

Late talkers, problems with articulation, stuttering

45
New cards

What are some speech difficulties that might indicate that speech therapy is needed?

articulation

46
New cards

preschoolers

children ages 4-6 years old

47
New cards

What physical changes take place in an average child as they age from 4 to 6?

Height- slow down, an average of 2.5-3 inches per year, Weight- 4-5 pounds a year, Proportions-straighter and slummer, improved balance and better coordination, Teeth- begin losing baby teeth at around 6 years old

48
New cards

How many teeth are in a set of permanent teeth?

32

49
New cards

Why do children suck their thumbs?  Why is it important to break the habit, and what is the best way?

It is a tensional outlet and a habit. It is important to break the habit because it could ruin their dental care and isnt accepted as you get older

50
New cards

dexterity

use of hands and fingers

51
New cards

ambidextrous

ability to use both hands in everyday tasks

52
New cards

Why is good nutrition so important for children 4-6 years old?

Good nutrition is important in children ages 4-6 because they are still growing and often very active so they need the right nutrients to stay healthy.

53
New cards

What factors should be used to determine how much food a child needs?

age and activity level

54
New cards

What are some self care skills that preschoolers can do?

Preschoolers may start to learn how to dress themselves with minimal assistance. They may not always match and that is okay. Comfort is important. Children have fewer accidents, certain factors can increase accidents like if the child is ill new place or stress.

55
New cards

Define group identification.  How does a child fulfill that need?

Preschoolers begin to understand their roles within social groups, such as family, peers, and community. Allow children to follow fads(within reason)

56
New cards

Define Enuresis and what can parents do to deal with it? 

Inability to control bladder, Parents should understand that bedwetting is common among preschoolers and provide support and patience as children develop bladder control.

57
New cards

What should parents and caregivers do to keep preschoolers safe?

Supervising and teaching preschoolers about safety rules are important for preventing accidents and injuries.

58
New cards

What factors help shape a child’s emotional development?

General Patterns according to age: Preschoolers may exhibit a wide range of emotions and behaviors as they learn to navigate their feelings and understand social cues.

59
New cards

What are common characteristics of a 4-year old?

When angry, 4 year olds may still use physical or threats

60
New cards

 What are some changes that take place between the 4th and 5th birthday?

Coordination, attention span and problem sovling, understanding of others feelings

61
New cards

What are common characteristics of a six year old?

More energy and fine motor skills, start asking complex questions and are more curious, want friends, sensitive to criticism 

62
New cards

How do 4-year- olds typically express anger? 5-year-olds? 6-year-olds?

4 year olds- tantrums, crying and hitting, 5 year olds- verbal expression of frustration physical aggression, 6 year olds- verbal expression and  know how to get on someones nerve

63
New cards

What is the chief reason for the common fears that children have between the ages of 4 to 6?

They develop imagination and awareness towards the world which opens their minds to danger and separating from their parents

64
New cards

Children, who tattle, criticize, and lie are most likely feeling what emotion?

jealousy or feelings of insecurity

65
New cards

What can caregivers do to build a preschooler’s self confidence?

Praise the good things they do, enourcage independence and let them make choices

66
New cards

What is the best way to teach a child right from wrong?

Role model behavior, consistent rules, teach that certain behaviors are right or wrong

67
New cards

Explain Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

  1. Preconventional: Focus on avoiding punishment and self-interest.

  2. Conventional: Upholding laws and social rules.

  3. Postconventional: Guided by universal ethical principles.

68
New cards

What has a child who feels guilty about bad behavior and has an inner sense of right and wrong developed?

developed a conscience

69
New cards

IQ

A measure of a person's cognitive abilities in relation to their age group. It is usually assessed through standardized testing and expressed as a score.

70
New cards

Cultural Bias

The tendency to interpret and judge phenomena by standards inherent to one's own culture, which can lead to unfair or inaccurate conclusions about other cultures.

71
New cards

What is measured by a IQ test

  • Logical reasoning

  • Mathematical ability

  • Language skills

  • Spatial recognition

  • Memory

72
New cards

What is not measured by an IQ test?

  • Creativity

  • Emotional intelligence

  • Practical problem-solving

  • Social skills

73
New cards

linguistic intelligences

language skills

74
New cards

logical mathematical intelligence

logical and mathematical thinking

75
New cards

spatial intelligence

ability to visualize and manipulate objects

76
New cards

musical intelligence

talent in music, rhythm and sound

77
New cards

bodily kinesthetic intelligence

coordination and physical movement

78
New cards

interpersonal intelligence

understanding and interacting with others

79
New cards

intrapersonal intelligence

self awareness

80
New cards

naturalistic intellgence

recognize natural objects and patterns

81
New cards

Make believe play(dramatic play)

Children engage in imaginative activities, pretending to be different characters or in various scenarios

82
New cards

use of symbols

such as words or images, to represent objects and ideas. This is crucial for the development of language and abstract thinking.

83
New cards

egocentric

 Children in this stage often have difficulty seeing things from perspectives other than their own. They assume others see, hear, and feel exactly as they do.

84
New cards

limited focus

children tend to focus on one aspect of a situation or object while ignoring others

85
New cards

phoneme

letter sound like b in bat

86
New cards

alliteration

The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a series of words. For example, "Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore."

87
New cards

finger play

A type of activity involving hand and finger movements accompanied by songs or chants, often used to engage young children in learning and to develop fine motor skills.

88
New cards

What letter sounds are the most difficult for a child to articulate?

J, ch, si, st and pl

89
New cards

What can parents do to prepare their children for school?

Encourage social interactions, have them play with toys that are educational, have a routine

90
New cards

What are the safety guidelines that children should follow when eating?

Small bites, sit up, no talking

91
New cards

What is the most common way to immunize a child against a disease?

vaccines

92
New cards

What are the important guidelines in handling an emergency?

Stay calm, assess the situation, comfort, call and provide 1st aid

93
New cards

What is the proper treatment for an animal bite?

Clean wound, add antibiotic, seek medical attention because it could have rabies

94
New cards

What is the proper first aid for bleeding?

Apply pressure, elevate area, seek medical attention if you cant get it to stop on its own

95
New cards

What is the proper first aid for a nosebleed?

Lean forward, pinch nose

96
New cards

What is proper first aid for a deep cut or wound?

Stop the bledding, clean and cover wound. 

97
New cards

What is the proper first aid for a bump or bruise?

Ice pack, elevate, rest

98
New cards

First Degree Burn

Red, painful skin. Cool with water and cover with a non-stick bandage.

99
New cards

Second Degree Burn

 Blisters and severe pain. Cool with water, do not pop blisters, cover loosely.

100
New cards

3rd degree burn

 White, charred skin. Seek immediate medical attention.