Neurological Rehabilitation Flashcards

Flashcards for Neurological Rehabilitation Review

Spinal Cord Injuries

It is not always possible to correlate bony column injuries with injuries to this structure.

Spinal Column Injuries Classifications

Stable or unstable, complete or incomplete

Complete Spinal Cord Lesion

All neurological function is lost below the level of the lesion.

Incomplete Spinal Cord Lesion

There is partial preservation of neurological function below the level of the lesion.

Traumatic Causes of SCI

Motor Vehicle Accidents, falls, sports injuries, sharp trauma/assault, accidental collisions.

Non-Traumatic Causes of SCI

Viruses, viral infections, cysts and tumors, congenital conditions (e.g., spina bifida).

Effects of SCI

Inability to sense pressure, heat, or cold; bowel and bladder dysfunction; involuntary muscle spasms; impaired body temperature regulation.

Conservative Initial Treatment for SCI

Immobilization, skull tongs for unstable injuries, cervical collars for stable injuries, bed rest in a supine position.

Surgical Initial Treatment for SCI

Gross instability requiring internal fixation, open injuries, traumatic edema of the cord.

Grade 0 Strength

No movement.

Grade 1 Strength

Visible/palpable motion/muscle flickers.

Grade 2 Strength

Able to move adjacent joint through full ROM without gravity.

Grade 3 Strength

Able to move adjacent joint through full ROM against gravity.

Grade 4 Strength

Add some resistance to Grade 3.

Grade 5 Strength

Normal Strength.

Ischemic Stroke

Vessel blocked due to emboli or atherosclerosis.

Hemorrhage Stroke

Vessels burst (aneurysm).

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Sudden neurologic attack of presumed vascular origin lasting less than 24 hours.

Stroke Risk Factors

High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, stress.

Trauma Causes of Acquired Brain Damage/Head Injury

Acceleration/Deceleration injuries, Penetrating injuries.

Stroke Causes of Acquired Brain Damage/Head Injury

Blocked blood vessel, Bleeding in the brain.

Tumor Causes of Acquired Brain Damage/Head Injury

Benign tumors, Cancers.

Infection Causes of Acquired Brain Damage/Head Injury

Infection leading to inflammation.

Toxic Effects Causes of Acquired Brain Damage/Head Injury

Alcohol-related & other toxins.

Hypoxia/anoxia Causes of Acquired Brain Damage/Head Injury

Lack of oxygen.

Degenerative Diseases Causes of Acquired Brain Damage/Head Injury

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease.

Problems and Issues Associated with Acquired Brain Damage/ Head Injury

Motor behavior deficits, Cognitive ability impairments, Problems with language, comprehension, and vision.

Training of Motor Control

Analysis of task and identification of alterations in movement patterns, Practice of components, Transference of learning through changing the environment/speed.

Aims of Rehabilitation (Acute Stage)

Maintaining joint ROM, preventing muscle contractures, and stimulating circulation.

Muscle Strengthening Rehabilitation Aims

Wheelchair mobility, transfers, walkers strengthen hip, pelvis, quads.

Activities of Daily Living Skills (Rehabilitation)

Dressing, toileting, bathing.

Respiratory Management (Rehabilitation)

Encourage maximal inspirations and retraining coughing technique

ADLs (Assistance with activities of daily living)

Dressing, eating, bathing, toilet.

Speech Therapy Purpose

To help the patient with speaking, writing, reading, or swallowing.

Active Rehabilitation (Day 1)

Prevent soft tissue contractures to preserve the integrity of muscles and joints.

Spasticity

An increase in muscle tone.

Hypertonia

Abnormal increase in tightness of muscle tone and reduced ability of muscle to stretch (i.e., Increased stiffness).

Hyperreflexia

Overactive / over-responsive reflexes – can include twitching or spastic tendencies.

Clonus

A series of involuntary muscle contractions due to sudden stretching of the muscles.

Assessment Procedures During Rehab

General health and ongoing medical conditions that affect the capacity to exercise safely.

Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms

Fatigue, Stumbling more than before, Unusual feelings in the skin, Slowed thinking, Problems with eyesight.

Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

Drug treatment (e.g., painkillers), Exercise/physiotherapy, Aid/equipment, Complementary and alternative approaches.

What % of spinal column injuries are a result of a physical preventable accident?

75%

What are the four classifications of a spinal column injury?

Stable or unstable, complete or incomplete

What Grade strength best reflects the following statement? “Able to move adjacent joint through full ROM without gravity”

2

What is the term given to a burst of blood vessels in a hemorrhage type of stroke?

Aneurysm

T/F: Hypertonia is the abnormal decrease in tightness of muscle tone and reduced ability of muscle to stretch

False